Contemporary South Asia
Pakistan
The first military rule in Pakistan took place under General Yahya Khan. The
reason for this was the popular dissatisfaction against the rule of General Ayub
Khan.
After this, a government was formed under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
from 1971 to 1977.
Bhutto Government was removed by General Zia-ul-Haq but had to face pro-
democracy movement from 1982 onwards.
Again in 1988 an elected democratic government was established under Benazir
Bhutto but had to face competition from the Pakistan People’s Party and the
Muslim League.
Army stepped in again and General Pervez Musharraf removed Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif. General Musharraf got himself elected as the President in 2001.
There were several factors which led to the failure of Pakistan in building a
stable democracy.
At present, again a democratic form of government is ruling the country under
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
India-Pakistan Conflicts
After independence, both India and Pakistan got involved in issue related to
Kashmir. It led to wars in 1947-48 and 1965 which failed to settle the matter.
Both the countries face conflict over strategic issues like the control of the
Siachen glacier and over acquisition of arms.
Both the countries continue to be suspicious of each other over security issue.
Another issue of conflict among the two countries is over the sharing of river
waters of Indus river system.
The two countries are not in agreement over the demarcationjine in Sir Creek in
the Rann ofKutch.
Bangladesh
1
Pakistan
The first military rule in Pakistan took place under General Yahya Khan. The
reason for this was the popular dissatisfaction against the rule of General Ayub
Khan.
After this, a government was formed under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
from 1971 to 1977.
Bhutto Government was removed by General Zia-ul-Haq but had to face pro-
democracy movement from 1982 onwards.
Again in 1988 an elected democratic government was established under Benazir
Bhutto but had to face competition from the Pakistan People’s Party and the
Muslim League.
Army stepped in again and General Pervez Musharraf removed Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif. General Musharraf got himself elected as the President in 2001.
There were several factors which led to the failure of Pakistan in building a
stable democracy.
At present, again a democratic form of government is ruling the country under
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
India-Pakistan Conflicts
After independence, both India and Pakistan got involved in issue related to
Kashmir. It led to wars in 1947-48 and 1965 which failed to settle the matter.
Both the countries face conflict over strategic issues like the control of the
Siachen glacier and over acquisition of arms.
Both the countries continue to be suspicious of each other over security issue.
Another issue of conflict among the two countries is over the sharing of river
waters of Indus river system.
The two countries are not in agreement over the demarcationjine in Sir Creek in
the Rann ofKutch.
Bangladesh
1
