CRPS-B5 Chapter 7
phototropism - answer the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light,
either toward the source of light ( positive phototropism ) or away from it (negative
phototropism)
-Auxin accumulates on dark side of stem tip, increasing growth on that side and bends
stem toward light
gravitropism (geotropism) - answer is a coordinated process of differential growth by a
plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it
-amyloplasts sink to bottom of cells and initiate auxin response. Auxin accumulates in
upper halves of roots and lower halves of shoots
thigmotropism - answer the turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response
to a touch stimulus
-tendrils wrap around solid object, then
cells grow on side away from object
hydrotropism - answer the growth or turning of plant roots toward or away from moisture
-roots grow toward water
chemotropism - answera tropism, especially of a plant, in response to a particular
substance
-roots grow towards nutrients
thermotropism - answerthe turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response
to a directional source of heat
-plants grow toward nominal temperatures
pollination - answerthe transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow
fertilization
-wind, insects, water, birds, other animals.
-wind pollinated species have little flowers.
-insect or bird pollinated species have showy flowers
self-pollinate - answerthe pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from
another flower on the same plant
-mostly annuals plants self-pollinate
-offspring almost identical to parents
, cross-pollinate - answerpollination of a flower or plant with pollen from another flower or
plant
-cross-pollinate plants have elaborate systems of moving pollen.
-offspring genetically variable
fertilization - answerthe action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant,
involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
-chemical signal between stigma and pollen grain relate to a compatibility
-if compatible, pollen tube grows between cells of stigma, and style until it reaches
micropyle
double fertilization - answera complex fertilization mechanism that has evolved in
flowering plants; involves the joining of a female gametophyte with two male gametes
(sperm); involves two sperm cells; one fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote, while
the other fuses with the two polar nuclei that form the endosperm
-the zygote divides to form two cells; one will develop into a suspensor, while the other
gives rise to a proembryo
-developing embryo has a heart shape due to the presence of cotyledons
-the embryo grows, it begins to bend as it fills the seed; at this point, the seed is ready
for dispersal
-the fertilized ovule forms the seed while the tissues of the ovary become the fruit
suspensor - answerfound in plant zygotes in angiosperms; connects the endosperm to
the embryo and provides a route for nutrition from the mother plant to the growing
embryo
proembryo - answera cluster of cells in the ovule of a fertilized flowering plant that has
not yet formed into an embryo
embryo develpment - answerembryo development in the ovule
-First stage of development, the terminal cell divides, forming a globular proembryo. The
basal cell also divides, giving rise to the suspensor.
-Second stage, the developing embryo has a heart shape due to the presence of
cotyledons.
-Third stage, the growing embryo is crowded and begins to bend.
-Eventually, it completely fills the seed
apoximis - answerreplacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual
reproduction, without fertilization
-apomixis refers to the development of a seed without sexual fusion (fertilization).
-in apomixis embryo develops without fertilization.
-apomixis is an asexual means of reproduction
parthenocarpy - answerdevelopment of fruit without fertilization, the fruit resembles a
normally produced fruit but is seedless
phototropism - answer the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light,
either toward the source of light ( positive phototropism ) or away from it (negative
phototropism)
-Auxin accumulates on dark side of stem tip, increasing growth on that side and bends
stem toward light
gravitropism (geotropism) - answer is a coordinated process of differential growth by a
plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it
-amyloplasts sink to bottom of cells and initiate auxin response. Auxin accumulates in
upper halves of roots and lower halves of shoots
thigmotropism - answer the turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response
to a touch stimulus
-tendrils wrap around solid object, then
cells grow on side away from object
hydrotropism - answer the growth or turning of plant roots toward or away from moisture
-roots grow toward water
chemotropism - answera tropism, especially of a plant, in response to a particular
substance
-roots grow towards nutrients
thermotropism - answerthe turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response
to a directional source of heat
-plants grow toward nominal temperatures
pollination - answerthe transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow
fertilization
-wind, insects, water, birds, other animals.
-wind pollinated species have little flowers.
-insect or bird pollinated species have showy flowers
self-pollinate - answerthe pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from
another flower on the same plant
-mostly annuals plants self-pollinate
-offspring almost identical to parents
, cross-pollinate - answerpollination of a flower or plant with pollen from another flower or
plant
-cross-pollinate plants have elaborate systems of moving pollen.
-offspring genetically variable
fertilization - answerthe action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant,
involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
-chemical signal between stigma and pollen grain relate to a compatibility
-if compatible, pollen tube grows between cells of stigma, and style until it reaches
micropyle
double fertilization - answera complex fertilization mechanism that has evolved in
flowering plants; involves the joining of a female gametophyte with two male gametes
(sperm); involves two sperm cells; one fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote, while
the other fuses with the two polar nuclei that form the endosperm
-the zygote divides to form two cells; one will develop into a suspensor, while the other
gives rise to a proembryo
-developing embryo has a heart shape due to the presence of cotyledons
-the embryo grows, it begins to bend as it fills the seed; at this point, the seed is ready
for dispersal
-the fertilized ovule forms the seed while the tissues of the ovary become the fruit
suspensor - answerfound in plant zygotes in angiosperms; connects the endosperm to
the embryo and provides a route for nutrition from the mother plant to the growing
embryo
proembryo - answera cluster of cells in the ovule of a fertilized flowering plant that has
not yet formed into an embryo
embryo develpment - answerembryo development in the ovule
-First stage of development, the terminal cell divides, forming a globular proembryo. The
basal cell also divides, giving rise to the suspensor.
-Second stage, the developing embryo has a heart shape due to the presence of
cotyledons.
-Third stage, the growing embryo is crowded and begins to bend.
-Eventually, it completely fills the seed
apoximis - answerreplacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual
reproduction, without fertilization
-apomixis refers to the development of a seed without sexual fusion (fertilization).
-in apomixis embryo develops without fertilization.
-apomixis is an asexual means of reproduction
parthenocarpy - answerdevelopment of fruit without fertilization, the fruit resembles a
normally produced fruit but is seedless
