PN 2003 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2024
chanes to the respiratory system with age - <<<ANSWER>>>-
PO2 reduced as much as 15% between ages 20-80
-loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of cough and laryngeal reflexes
-by age 90 approx 50% increase in residual capacity
-alveoli fewer in nuber and larger in size
-thoracic muscles more rigid
-reduced basilar inflation
-lungs become smaller in size and weigh with age
-trachea stiffens due to calcification of its cartilage
,-nose experiences connective tissue changes reduce support
-gag reflex weaker
-alveoli are less elasic, develop fibrosis tissue and contain fewer
functional capillaries
-kyphosis
-
changes to the cells of the body - <<<ANSWER>>>-number of
cells gradually reduced
-leaving fewer functional cells in the body
-lean body mass reduced
-fat tissue increase s until the sixth decade of life
-total body fat as a porpotion of the body composition increases.
-Cellular solids and bone mass are decreased
-Extracellular fluid remains failry constant
-where as intracellular fluid is decreased
-resulting in less total body fluid
-This decrease makes dehydration a significant risk to older
adults
Gastroinstestinal System age changes - <<<ANSWER>>>-
decreased taste sensation
,-esophagus more dilated
-reduced saliva and salivary ptyalin
-liver smaller in size
-reduced instestinal blood flow
-decreased esophageal motility
-atrophy of gastric mucosa
-decreased stomach motility, hunger contractions, and emptying
time
-less production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, lipase, and
pancreatic enzymes
- fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestines
-slower peristalisis
-tongue atrophies
-there is thinning of oral mucosa and a weakening of the
muscles involved in mastication
reduced elasticity of stomach
stomach has a higher ph
Urinary System aging - <<<ANSWER>>>-decreased size of
renal mass
-decreased tubuler function
-decreased bladder capacity
, -decrease in nephrons
-betweenages 20 and 90, renal blood flow decreases 53% and
glomerular filtration rate decreases 50
-weaker bladder muscles
-nocturia
-weak bladder muscles
ageing of the female reproductive system - <<<ANSWER>>>-
fallopian tubes atrophy and shorten
-ovaries become thicker and smaller
-cervix becomes smaller
-drier less elastic vaginal canal
-flattening of labia
-endocervical epithelium atrophies
-uterus becomes smaller in size
-endometrium atrophies
-more alkaline vaginal environment
-loss of vulvar subcutaneous fat and hair
-vulva atrophy
-vaginal epithelium becomes thin
-cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries atrophy
-uterus and overies decrease in size
AND ANSWERS 2024
chanes to the respiratory system with age - <<<ANSWER>>>-
PO2 reduced as much as 15% between ages 20-80
-loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of cough and laryngeal reflexes
-by age 90 approx 50% increase in residual capacity
-alveoli fewer in nuber and larger in size
-thoracic muscles more rigid
-reduced basilar inflation
-lungs become smaller in size and weigh with age
-trachea stiffens due to calcification of its cartilage
,-nose experiences connective tissue changes reduce support
-gag reflex weaker
-alveoli are less elasic, develop fibrosis tissue and contain fewer
functional capillaries
-kyphosis
-
changes to the cells of the body - <<<ANSWER>>>-number of
cells gradually reduced
-leaving fewer functional cells in the body
-lean body mass reduced
-fat tissue increase s until the sixth decade of life
-total body fat as a porpotion of the body composition increases.
-Cellular solids and bone mass are decreased
-Extracellular fluid remains failry constant
-where as intracellular fluid is decreased
-resulting in less total body fluid
-This decrease makes dehydration a significant risk to older
adults
Gastroinstestinal System age changes - <<<ANSWER>>>-
decreased taste sensation
,-esophagus more dilated
-reduced saliva and salivary ptyalin
-liver smaller in size
-reduced instestinal blood flow
-decreased esophageal motility
-atrophy of gastric mucosa
-decreased stomach motility, hunger contractions, and emptying
time
-less production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, lipase, and
pancreatic enzymes
- fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestines
-slower peristalisis
-tongue atrophies
-there is thinning of oral mucosa and a weakening of the
muscles involved in mastication
reduced elasticity of stomach
stomach has a higher ph
Urinary System aging - <<<ANSWER>>>-decreased size of
renal mass
-decreased tubuler function
-decreased bladder capacity
, -decrease in nephrons
-betweenages 20 and 90, renal blood flow decreases 53% and
glomerular filtration rate decreases 50
-weaker bladder muscles
-nocturia
-weak bladder muscles
ageing of the female reproductive system - <<<ANSWER>>>-
fallopian tubes atrophy and shorten
-ovaries become thicker and smaller
-cervix becomes smaller
-drier less elastic vaginal canal
-flattening of labia
-endocervical epithelium atrophies
-uterus becomes smaller in size
-endometrium atrophies
-more alkaline vaginal environment
-loss of vulvar subcutaneous fat and hair
-vulva atrophy
-vaginal epithelium becomes thin
-cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries atrophy
-uterus and overies decrease in size
