©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ERTH 111 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Which of the following more accurately describes the situation in which a glacier will form? -
answer✔More snow falls in the winter than melts in the summer.
What conditions are required for a glacier to advance? - answer✔More ice accumulates in the
zone of accumulation than is lost in the zone of ablation.
How do cirque's form? - answer✔Erosion
What do geologists call poorly sorted, generally unstratified sediment left directly by melting
ice? - answer✔Till
What happened during the pleistocene Epoch? - answer✔Marine sediments record evidence of
twenty to thirty glaciations, separated by interglacials lasting 10,000-20,000 years. North
American moraines record at least four of these.
What do geologists think best explains the ups and downs in paleoclimate graphs? -
answer✔Cyclical changes in Earth's orbit and rotational axis called Milankovitch cycles.
List renewable energy sources - answer✔Solar, wind, geothermal, biomass
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Name a hydrocarbon and where do hydrocarbons occur? - answer✔Propane (C3H8): crude oil
(and products refined from it) and natural gas
What has allowed oil companies to develop unconventional ("shale oil") resources starting in
about 2008? - answer✔A trap and reservoir rock; horizontal drilling and advanced fracking
technology
Why has there been such an explosion of use of solar PV to generate electricity in the last
decade? - answer✔The production cost of solar PV cells has dropped substantially in the last
decade.
What is the principal climate drawback to using fossil fuels as a source of energy? -
answer✔Burning them emits CO2.
One of the drawbacks of wind and solar energy is "intermittency." What does this mean? -
answer✔The sun doesn't shine for 24 hours a day, and wind speed is variable.
What magma characteristics will most likely lead to the most explosive volcanic eruption? -
answer✔Felsic magma with high gas content.
What type of rock is the result of the most explosive eruption? - answer✔Tuff (ash rock) that is
felsic in composition
What is a lahar? - answer✔A mudflow or debris flow made of water-saturated ash
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Composite volcano (stratovolcano) - answer✔A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials
lava dome - answer✔A mountain or hill made from highly viscous lava, which plugs the central
conduit of volcanoes
cinder cone - answer✔A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash,
cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
shield volcano - answer✔A low, flat, gently sloping volcano built from many flows of fluid, low-
viscosity basaltic lava
What do you call a very hot and fast-moving cloud of ash and volcanic gases? -
answer✔Pyroclastic flow
What is the force primarily responsible for mass wasting? - answer✔Gravity
what is a good indicator that a certain type of mass wasting hazard is likely to occur in the
future? - answer✔Frequent seismic activity
What is the most common trigger of landslides? - answer✔Rainfall
What causes creep to occur? - answer✔Expansion and contraction of the soil
What is the type of mass wasting resulting in the earth moving downslope along a scoop-
shaped failure surface, producing a head scarp? - answer✔Slump
3|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ERTH 111 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Which of the following more accurately describes the situation in which a glacier will form? -
answer✔More snow falls in the winter than melts in the summer.
What conditions are required for a glacier to advance? - answer✔More ice accumulates in the
zone of accumulation than is lost in the zone of ablation.
How do cirque's form? - answer✔Erosion
What do geologists call poorly sorted, generally unstratified sediment left directly by melting
ice? - answer✔Till
What happened during the pleistocene Epoch? - answer✔Marine sediments record evidence of
twenty to thirty glaciations, separated by interglacials lasting 10,000-20,000 years. North
American moraines record at least four of these.
What do geologists think best explains the ups and downs in paleoclimate graphs? -
answer✔Cyclical changes in Earth's orbit and rotational axis called Milankovitch cycles.
List renewable energy sources - answer✔Solar, wind, geothermal, biomass
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Name a hydrocarbon and where do hydrocarbons occur? - answer✔Propane (C3H8): crude oil
(and products refined from it) and natural gas
What has allowed oil companies to develop unconventional ("shale oil") resources starting in
about 2008? - answer✔A trap and reservoir rock; horizontal drilling and advanced fracking
technology
Why has there been such an explosion of use of solar PV to generate electricity in the last
decade? - answer✔The production cost of solar PV cells has dropped substantially in the last
decade.
What is the principal climate drawback to using fossil fuels as a source of energy? -
answer✔Burning them emits CO2.
One of the drawbacks of wind and solar energy is "intermittency." What does this mean? -
answer✔The sun doesn't shine for 24 hours a day, and wind speed is variable.
What magma characteristics will most likely lead to the most explosive volcanic eruption? -
answer✔Felsic magma with high gas content.
What type of rock is the result of the most explosive eruption? - answer✔Tuff (ash rock) that is
felsic in composition
What is a lahar? - answer✔A mudflow or debris flow made of water-saturated ash
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Composite volcano (stratovolcano) - answer✔A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials
lava dome - answer✔A mountain or hill made from highly viscous lava, which plugs the central
conduit of volcanoes
cinder cone - answer✔A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash,
cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
shield volcano - answer✔A low, flat, gently sloping volcano built from many flows of fluid, low-
viscosity basaltic lava
What do you call a very hot and fast-moving cloud of ash and volcanic gases? -
answer✔Pyroclastic flow
What is the force primarily responsible for mass wasting? - answer✔Gravity
what is a good indicator that a certain type of mass wasting hazard is likely to occur in the
future? - answer✔Frequent seismic activity
What is the most common trigger of landslides? - answer✔Rainfall
What causes creep to occur? - answer✔Expansion and contraction of the soil
What is the type of mass wasting resulting in the earth moving downslope along a scoop-
shaped failure surface, producing a head scarp? - answer✔Slump
3|Page
