Obstetrics: Key Concepts and Clinical
Guidelines
Fertilization - ANS Occurs 1 day after ovulation.
Acrosome reaction - ANS Sperm enters oocyte during fertilization.
Zona pellucida - ANS Prevents additional sperm from entering oocyte.
Implantation - ANS Blastocyst attaches to endometrium 6 days post-fertilization.
hCG - ANS Hormone released by trophoblast at day 8.
Amenorrhea - ANS Absence of menstruation, common pregnancy sign.
Heger's sign - ANS Softening of the uterus during pregnancy.
Goddell sign - ANS Softening of the cervix in pregnancy.
Chadwick's sign - ANS Bluish discoloration of cervix at 6-8 weeks.
Quickening - ANS Mother perceives fetal movement at 12 weeks.
Cardiac output - ANS Increases during pregnancy due to stroke volume and heart rate.
Respiratory alkalosis - ANS Compensatory mechanism for increased oxygen demand.
,VTE - ANS Venous thromboembolism risk increases during pregnancy.
Glucosuria - ANS Slight glucose excretion in urine during pregnancy.
Pica - ANS Cravings or aversions to non-food items.
Striae gravidarum - ANS Stretch marks from skin stretching during pregnancy.
Colostrum - ANS Thick yellow fluid expelled from nipples.
Gravidity - ANS Total number of pregnancies a woman has had.
Parity - ANS Number of live births a woman has had.
TPAL - ANS Details full term, preterm, abortions, living children.
Placenta functions - ANS Gas and nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
Melasma - ANS Hyperpigmentation known as 'mask of pregnancy.'
Lumbar lordosis - ANS Spinal curvature change during pregnancy.
Eccrine sweating - ANS Increased sweating due to hormonal changes.
, Urine HcG qualitative - ANS Home pregnancy test reliable after missed period.
Serum HcG - ANS Detects pregnancy as early as 8 days post-conception.
HcG rise - ANS Should increase by 66% every 48 hours.
TVUS - ANS Transvaginal ultrasound visualizes gestational sac by 4-5 weeks.
Fetal heart activity detection - ANS Fetoscope detects at 18-20 weeks; Doppler at 12 weeks.
Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD) - ANS Calculated as 40 weeks after last menstrual period.
Naegle's rule - ANS Subtract 3 months, add 7 days for EDD.
Gestational age - ANS Time since the first day of last menstrual period.
Fundal height measurement - ANS At 20 weeks, level with umbilicus; increases weekly.
Initial prenatal visit - ANS Includes history, education, and physical examination.
Aneuploidy screening - ANS First trimester tests for chromosomal abnormalities.
PAPP-A - ANS Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in first trimester screening.
Triple or Quad screen - ANS Second trimester screening for fetal abnormalities.
Guidelines
Fertilization - ANS Occurs 1 day after ovulation.
Acrosome reaction - ANS Sperm enters oocyte during fertilization.
Zona pellucida - ANS Prevents additional sperm from entering oocyte.
Implantation - ANS Blastocyst attaches to endometrium 6 days post-fertilization.
hCG - ANS Hormone released by trophoblast at day 8.
Amenorrhea - ANS Absence of menstruation, common pregnancy sign.
Heger's sign - ANS Softening of the uterus during pregnancy.
Goddell sign - ANS Softening of the cervix in pregnancy.
Chadwick's sign - ANS Bluish discoloration of cervix at 6-8 weeks.
Quickening - ANS Mother perceives fetal movement at 12 weeks.
Cardiac output - ANS Increases during pregnancy due to stroke volume and heart rate.
Respiratory alkalosis - ANS Compensatory mechanism for increased oxygen demand.
,VTE - ANS Venous thromboembolism risk increases during pregnancy.
Glucosuria - ANS Slight glucose excretion in urine during pregnancy.
Pica - ANS Cravings or aversions to non-food items.
Striae gravidarum - ANS Stretch marks from skin stretching during pregnancy.
Colostrum - ANS Thick yellow fluid expelled from nipples.
Gravidity - ANS Total number of pregnancies a woman has had.
Parity - ANS Number of live births a woman has had.
TPAL - ANS Details full term, preterm, abortions, living children.
Placenta functions - ANS Gas and nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
Melasma - ANS Hyperpigmentation known as 'mask of pregnancy.'
Lumbar lordosis - ANS Spinal curvature change during pregnancy.
Eccrine sweating - ANS Increased sweating due to hormonal changes.
, Urine HcG qualitative - ANS Home pregnancy test reliable after missed period.
Serum HcG - ANS Detects pregnancy as early as 8 days post-conception.
HcG rise - ANS Should increase by 66% every 48 hours.
TVUS - ANS Transvaginal ultrasound visualizes gestational sac by 4-5 weeks.
Fetal heart activity detection - ANS Fetoscope detects at 18-20 weeks; Doppler at 12 weeks.
Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD) - ANS Calculated as 40 weeks after last menstrual period.
Naegle's rule - ANS Subtract 3 months, add 7 days for EDD.
Gestational age - ANS Time since the first day of last menstrual period.
Fundal height measurement - ANS At 20 weeks, level with umbilicus; increases weekly.
Initial prenatal visit - ANS Includes history, education, and physical examination.
Aneuploidy screening - ANS First trimester tests for chromosomal abnormalities.
PAPP-A - ANS Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in first trimester screening.
Triple or Quad screen - ANS Second trimester screening for fetal abnormalities.
