BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2
Animals - Answers - Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - Answers - Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - Answers - Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - Answers - Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - Answers - Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - Answers - Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - Answers - Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - Answers - Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic
tissues)
Ectoderm - Answers - Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - Answers - Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube
(aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - Answers - Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the
embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - Answers - Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - Answers - All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - Answers - Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - Answers - Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult,
undergoes metamorphosis
, Juvenile - Answers - Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - Answers - 535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil
appearance of many animal major groups
Hox Genes - Answers - Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell
to form an arm)
Protosome - Answers - Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - Answers - Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - Answers - Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - Answers - Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - Answers - Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move
through the body of the sponge
Spicules - Answers - Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - Answers - Hermaphrodites (release sperm into
environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - Answers - Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa
Nematocysts - Answers - Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the
microscopic venomous spines on the tentacle
Lophotrochozoa - Answers - Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure
called a lophophore and a Ciliated larva called trocophore
Flatworms (Phylum: Platyhelminthes) - Answers - Lack circulatory, respiratory, and
skeletal systems
Coelom is absent and gut incomplete
Animals - Answers - Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - Answers - Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - Answers - Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - Answers - Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - Answers - Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - Answers - Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - Answers - Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - Answers - Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic
tissues)
Ectoderm - Answers - Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - Answers - Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube
(aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - Answers - Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the
embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - Answers - Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - Answers - All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - Answers - Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - Answers - Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult,
undergoes metamorphosis
, Juvenile - Answers - Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - Answers - 535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil
appearance of many animal major groups
Hox Genes - Answers - Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell
to form an arm)
Protosome - Answers - Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - Answers - Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - Answers - Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - Answers - Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - Answers - Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move
through the body of the sponge
Spicules - Answers - Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - Answers - Hermaphrodites (release sperm into
environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - Answers - Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa
Nematocysts - Answers - Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the
microscopic venomous spines on the tentacle
Lophotrochozoa - Answers - Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure
called a lophophore and a Ciliated larva called trocophore
Flatworms (Phylum: Platyhelminthes) - Answers - Lack circulatory, respiratory, and
skeletal systems
Coelom is absent and gut incomplete
