BIO 172 FINAL EXAM UH MANOA CURTIS DAEHLER
Animals vary in how they look male or female because - Answers - hormones
Endocrine system uses chemical signals to - Answers - elicit responses by cells that
have receptors
Endocrine signaling - Answers - hormones leave directly from blood vessels to cells to
trigger a response
Paracrine signaling - Answers - when cells signal other cells with hormones
Autocrine signaling - Answers - when a cell releases hormones and signals itself
Water soluble hormone - Answers - released into the blood system sent throughout the
body and interacts with neighboring tissue.
Water soluble hormones can cause changes in the - Answers - cytoplasm or the
nucleus
Cytoplasmic response - Answers - signal transduction through g protein coupled
receptor.
In the hormone signaling - Answers - glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy
Lipid soluble will enter directly into the cell - Answers - and go straight to the nucleus
Estradiol (a lipid soluble hormone) - Answers - passes through bilayer of the cell
membrane
One hormone can lead to different responses in different cells - Answers - for example
one hormone can cause the release of glucose. Another hormone can cause a muscle
to relax. Can cause blood vessels to restrict.
Cell relaxing - Answers - comes from beta receptor hormons
Cell contracting - Answers - comes from alpha receptor hormones
Major endocrine glands - Answers - Pancreas
Pineal gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Ovary
Testis
,Adrenal gland
Adh released by - Answers - pituitary gland
Kidney releases - Answers -
Adrenal gland releases - Answers - epinephrin
Pancreas releases - Answers - glucagon and
Thymus releases - Answers - T cells. Thymus cells
Endocrine glands - Answers - integrate with the brain receiving and responding to
information form throughout the body
Hormonal cascade in anterior pituitary - Answers - tropic effects only
Nontropic effects only
Tropic effects - Answers - causes release of hormones from another endocrine gland
Nontropic - Answers - causes production of a certain thing like milk or vitamin D
production
Excess Growth hormone - Answers - causes you to grow very fast
Excess GH exposure can result in - Answers - select growth in specific tissues. Being
exposed to mustard gas. Really big nose.
Hormones are involved in - Answers - homeostasis via negative feedback cycles
Endocrine glands control - Answers - body temp, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep,
attachment behaviors.
Posterior pituitary - Answers - is an extension of the hypothalamus and secretes ADH
and oxytocin.
Oxytocin - Answers - hormone causes mammary glands to produce milk and uterine
muscles. Causes contractions of a female.
ADH causes production of - Answers - kidney tubules
Anterior pituitary - Answers - causes a hormonal cascade pathway due to trophic
responses.
The adrenal glands respond to short and long term stress via - Answers - two hormonal
pathways. Short term and long term
, Short term stress response - Answers - Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine:
• Glycogen broken down to glucose;
Increased blood glucose
• Increased blood pressure
• Increased breathing rate
• Increased metabolic rate
• Change in blood flow patterns, leading to
Increased alertness and decreased digestive,
Excretory, and reproductive system activity
Long term stress - Answers - Effects of
Glucocorticoids:
Proteins and fats broken
Down and converted to
Glucose, leading to
Increased blood glucose
• Partial suppression of
Immune system
Effects of
Mineralocorticoids:
• Retention of sodium
Ions and water by
Kidneys
• Increased blood
Volume and
Glucocorticoids are used to suppress - Answers - the immune system's
Inflammation response
Glucocorticoids can affect - Answers - memory and vigilance. People that use alot of
these have a hard time remembering things. They have some sort of dementia....
Male and female differentiation is determined by - Answers - hormones. At the
embryonic stage the embryo has both female and male parts. Start off being neither
male or female.
Bi potential gonads - Answers - sexual parts that can turn into the female ovary or the
male testes.
Hormone causing growth of testes - Answers - AMH
Male duct - Answers - Wolffian
Female duct - Answers - mullerian
Animals vary in how they look male or female because - Answers - hormones
Endocrine system uses chemical signals to - Answers - elicit responses by cells that
have receptors
Endocrine signaling - Answers - hormones leave directly from blood vessels to cells to
trigger a response
Paracrine signaling - Answers - when cells signal other cells with hormones
Autocrine signaling - Answers - when a cell releases hormones and signals itself
Water soluble hormone - Answers - released into the blood system sent throughout the
body and interacts with neighboring tissue.
Water soluble hormones can cause changes in the - Answers - cytoplasm or the
nucleus
Cytoplasmic response - Answers - signal transduction through g protein coupled
receptor.
In the hormone signaling - Answers - glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy
Lipid soluble will enter directly into the cell - Answers - and go straight to the nucleus
Estradiol (a lipid soluble hormone) - Answers - passes through bilayer of the cell
membrane
One hormone can lead to different responses in different cells - Answers - for example
one hormone can cause the release of glucose. Another hormone can cause a muscle
to relax. Can cause blood vessels to restrict.
Cell relaxing - Answers - comes from beta receptor hormons
Cell contracting - Answers - comes from alpha receptor hormones
Major endocrine glands - Answers - Pancreas
Pineal gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Ovary
Testis
,Adrenal gland
Adh released by - Answers - pituitary gland
Kidney releases - Answers -
Adrenal gland releases - Answers - epinephrin
Pancreas releases - Answers - glucagon and
Thymus releases - Answers - T cells. Thymus cells
Endocrine glands - Answers - integrate with the brain receiving and responding to
information form throughout the body
Hormonal cascade in anterior pituitary - Answers - tropic effects only
Nontropic effects only
Tropic effects - Answers - causes release of hormones from another endocrine gland
Nontropic - Answers - causes production of a certain thing like milk or vitamin D
production
Excess Growth hormone - Answers - causes you to grow very fast
Excess GH exposure can result in - Answers - select growth in specific tissues. Being
exposed to mustard gas. Really big nose.
Hormones are involved in - Answers - homeostasis via negative feedback cycles
Endocrine glands control - Answers - body temp, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep,
attachment behaviors.
Posterior pituitary - Answers - is an extension of the hypothalamus and secretes ADH
and oxytocin.
Oxytocin - Answers - hormone causes mammary glands to produce milk and uterine
muscles. Causes contractions of a female.
ADH causes production of - Answers - kidney tubules
Anterior pituitary - Answers - causes a hormonal cascade pathway due to trophic
responses.
The adrenal glands respond to short and long term stress via - Answers - two hormonal
pathways. Short term and long term
, Short term stress response - Answers - Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine:
• Glycogen broken down to glucose;
Increased blood glucose
• Increased blood pressure
• Increased breathing rate
• Increased metabolic rate
• Change in blood flow patterns, leading to
Increased alertness and decreased digestive,
Excretory, and reproductive system activity
Long term stress - Answers - Effects of
Glucocorticoids:
Proteins and fats broken
Down and converted to
Glucose, leading to
Increased blood glucose
• Partial suppression of
Immune system
Effects of
Mineralocorticoids:
• Retention of sodium
Ions and water by
Kidneys
• Increased blood
Volume and
Glucocorticoids are used to suppress - Answers - the immune system's
Inflammation response
Glucocorticoids can affect - Answers - memory and vigilance. People that use alot of
these have a hard time remembering things. They have some sort of dementia....
Male and female differentiation is determined by - Answers - hormones. At the
embryonic stage the embryo has both female and male parts. Start off being neither
male or female.
Bi potential gonads - Answers - sexual parts that can turn into the female ovary or the
male testes.
Hormone causing growth of testes - Answers - AMH
Male duct - Answers - Wolffian
Female duct - Answers - mullerian
