Lifespan Development, 9th Edition /
2025 Published by Denise Boyd
Complete Chapter Lecture
Summaries / Notes are included
(Ch 1 to 19)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
,Table of Contents are given below
1.Basic Concepts and Methods
2.Theories of Development
3.Prenatal Development and Birth
4.Physical, Sensory and Perceptual Development in Infancy
5.Cognitive Development in Infancy
6.Social and Personality Development in Infancy
7.Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
8.Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
9.Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
10.Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
11.Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
12.Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
13.Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood
14.Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood
15.Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
16.Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood
17.Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
18.Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood
19.Death, Dying and Bereavement
,Lecture Summaries / Notes are organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to
ensure that all chapters are included in this document. (Complete Chapters included Ch19-1)
CHAPTER 19
DEATH, DYING, AND BEREAVEMENT
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
E very story has an ending. For the human lifespan, that ending is death. Even though every individual’s
life story ends with the same event, there is a great deal of variation from one person to another in how
that event manifests itself. The circumstances of an individual’s death influence how both the dying
individual herself and the bereaved cope with the emotional turmoil and sense of loss that typically
accompany death. The age of the bereaved matters as well because beliefs, attitudes, and responses to
death and loss unfold over the lifespan. In this chapter, you will learn about variations in the events
surrounding death and in the strategies that individuals use to cope with death’s inevitability.
19.1: The Experience of Death
Medical personnel distinguish between clinical death, brain death, and social death. In the industrialized
world, death most often occurs in hospitals. For the terminally ill, hospice workers and facilities provide
an alternative form of care.
19.2: The Meaning of Death Across the Lifespan
By age 6 or 7, most children understand that death is permanent. Teens sometimes have distorted ideas
about death, especially their own mortality. Many young adults see themselves as invulnerable to death.
For middle-aged adults, the death of a loved one, often a parent, signals a change in social roles.
19.3: Fear of Death and Preparation for Death
Among the middle-aged, fear of death is common. Older adults fear death less, especially those who are
very religious. Preparation for death may include practical activities such as writing a will. Many dying
adults also prepare by sharing life experiences with younger family members. Some dying adults exhibit
dramatic changes in cognitive and personality functioning just prior to death, a phenomenon often called
terminal drop.
19.4: The Process of Dying
Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance) have been
widely studied. Research suggests that not all dying individuals go through these stages. Critics of
Kübler-Ross suggest that her stages may be culture-specific and that the process of adjusting to
impending death does not occur in stages. Attitudes appear to affect a terminally ill individual’s
longevity. Those who have a “fighting spirit” survive longer than do peers who are resigned to the
inevitability of death.
19.5: Theoretical Perspectives on Grieving
Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the traumatic nature of grief and the defense mechanisms that often
accompany the experience. Attachment theories suggest that grieving involves a series of stages across
which the bereaved adjust to life without the deceased. Alternative approaches emphasize the individual
nature of grieving, claiming that the experience is poorly explained by general theories.
521
, 19.6: The Experience of Grieving
Grief that endures more than 6 months may lead to a diagnosis of persistent complex bereavement
disorder. The grieving process depends on several variables. The age of the bereaved and the mode of
death shape the grief process. Grieving the loss of an attachment figure raises survivors’ risk of illness
and mortality due to its impact on the immune system.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
19.1: The Experience of Death
19.1.1 Characterize the types of death
19.1.2 Differentiate between hospice and hospital care for the terminally ill
19.2: The Meaning of Death Across the Lifespan
19.2.1 Contrast children’s and adolescents’ ideas about death
19.2.2 Explain how adults’ ideas about death vary with age
19.3: Fear of Death and Preparation for Death
19.3.1 Identify the factors associated with fear of death in adults
19.3.2 Describe the ways in which adults prepare for death
19.4: The Process of Dying
19.4.1 Outline the stages of dying
19.4.2 Explain alternative views of the process of dying
19.4.3 Summarize variations in responses to impending death
19.5: Theoretical Perspectives on Grieving
19.5.1 Evaluate Freud’s psychoanalytic view of grief
19.5.2 Compare the theories of Bowlby of Sanders regarding grief
19.5.3 Identify alternative theories of grief
19.6: The Experience of Grieving
19.6.1 List the characteristics of persistent complex bereavement disorder
19.6.2 Describe the factors that influence the grieving process
19.6.3 Summarize the effects of grief on adults who have lost their spouses
INTEGRATED CHAPTER TEACHING NOTES
19.1: THE EXPERIENCE OF DEATH
Most of us use the word death as if it described a simple phenomenon. You are either alive or dead. But,
in fact, death is a process as well as a state, and physicians have different labels for different aspects of
this process. Moreover, for both the deceased and the bereaved, the experience of death is shaped by the
circumstances surrounding the end of life.
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
19.1.1 Characterize the types of death
19.1.2 Differentiate between hospice and hospital care for the terminally ill
KEY TERMS 19.1
clinical death social death palliative care
brain death
522
2025 Published by Denise Boyd
Complete Chapter Lecture
Summaries / Notes are included
(Ch 1 to 19)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
,Table of Contents are given below
1.Basic Concepts and Methods
2.Theories of Development
3.Prenatal Development and Birth
4.Physical, Sensory and Perceptual Development in Infancy
5.Cognitive Development in Infancy
6.Social and Personality Development in Infancy
7.Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
8.Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
9.Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
10.Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
11.Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
12.Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
13.Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood
14.Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood
15.Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
16.Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood
17.Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
18.Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood
19.Death, Dying and Bereavement
,Lecture Summaries / Notes are organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to
ensure that all chapters are included in this document. (Complete Chapters included Ch19-1)
CHAPTER 19
DEATH, DYING, AND BEREAVEMENT
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
E very story has an ending. For the human lifespan, that ending is death. Even though every individual’s
life story ends with the same event, there is a great deal of variation from one person to another in how
that event manifests itself. The circumstances of an individual’s death influence how both the dying
individual herself and the bereaved cope with the emotional turmoil and sense of loss that typically
accompany death. The age of the bereaved matters as well because beliefs, attitudes, and responses to
death and loss unfold over the lifespan. In this chapter, you will learn about variations in the events
surrounding death and in the strategies that individuals use to cope with death’s inevitability.
19.1: The Experience of Death
Medical personnel distinguish between clinical death, brain death, and social death. In the industrialized
world, death most often occurs in hospitals. For the terminally ill, hospice workers and facilities provide
an alternative form of care.
19.2: The Meaning of Death Across the Lifespan
By age 6 or 7, most children understand that death is permanent. Teens sometimes have distorted ideas
about death, especially their own mortality. Many young adults see themselves as invulnerable to death.
For middle-aged adults, the death of a loved one, often a parent, signals a change in social roles.
19.3: Fear of Death and Preparation for Death
Among the middle-aged, fear of death is common. Older adults fear death less, especially those who are
very religious. Preparation for death may include practical activities such as writing a will. Many dying
adults also prepare by sharing life experiences with younger family members. Some dying adults exhibit
dramatic changes in cognitive and personality functioning just prior to death, a phenomenon often called
terminal drop.
19.4: The Process of Dying
Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance) have been
widely studied. Research suggests that not all dying individuals go through these stages. Critics of
Kübler-Ross suggest that her stages may be culture-specific and that the process of adjusting to
impending death does not occur in stages. Attitudes appear to affect a terminally ill individual’s
longevity. Those who have a “fighting spirit” survive longer than do peers who are resigned to the
inevitability of death.
19.5: Theoretical Perspectives on Grieving
Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the traumatic nature of grief and the defense mechanisms that often
accompany the experience. Attachment theories suggest that grieving involves a series of stages across
which the bereaved adjust to life without the deceased. Alternative approaches emphasize the individual
nature of grieving, claiming that the experience is poorly explained by general theories.
521
, 19.6: The Experience of Grieving
Grief that endures more than 6 months may lead to a diagnosis of persistent complex bereavement
disorder. The grieving process depends on several variables. The age of the bereaved and the mode of
death shape the grief process. Grieving the loss of an attachment figure raises survivors’ risk of illness
and mortality due to its impact on the immune system.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
19.1: The Experience of Death
19.1.1 Characterize the types of death
19.1.2 Differentiate between hospice and hospital care for the terminally ill
19.2: The Meaning of Death Across the Lifespan
19.2.1 Contrast children’s and adolescents’ ideas about death
19.2.2 Explain how adults’ ideas about death vary with age
19.3: Fear of Death and Preparation for Death
19.3.1 Identify the factors associated with fear of death in adults
19.3.2 Describe the ways in which adults prepare for death
19.4: The Process of Dying
19.4.1 Outline the stages of dying
19.4.2 Explain alternative views of the process of dying
19.4.3 Summarize variations in responses to impending death
19.5: Theoretical Perspectives on Grieving
19.5.1 Evaluate Freud’s psychoanalytic view of grief
19.5.2 Compare the theories of Bowlby of Sanders regarding grief
19.5.3 Identify alternative theories of grief
19.6: The Experience of Grieving
19.6.1 List the characteristics of persistent complex bereavement disorder
19.6.2 Describe the factors that influence the grieving process
19.6.3 Summarize the effects of grief on adults who have lost their spouses
INTEGRATED CHAPTER TEACHING NOTES
19.1: THE EXPERIENCE OF DEATH
Most of us use the word death as if it described a simple phenomenon. You are either alive or dead. But,
in fact, death is a process as well as a state, and physicians have different labels for different aspects of
this process. Moreover, for both the deceased and the bereaved, the experience of death is shaped by the
circumstances surrounding the end of life.
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
19.1.1 Characterize the types of death
19.1.2 Differentiate between hospice and hospital care for the terminally ill
KEY TERMS 19.1
clinical death social death palliative care
brain death
522
