©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PALS EXAM Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+)
How do you calculate the upper ventilation rate in a pediatric patient? - answer✔40-age=
Upper respiratory limit
What is the leading cause and secondary cause of cardiac arrest in a child less than 1 year of
age? - answer✔Leading cause- Hypoxia
Secondary cause- Hypothermia
What is the leading cause and secondary cause of cardiac arrest in a child older than 1 year of
age? - answer✔Leading Cause- Hypoxia
Secondary- Hypovolemia
At what point do we start ventilations on a pediatric patient? - answer✔HR less than 100
At what point do we start CPR on a pediatric patient? - answer✔HR less than 60
What is respiratory distress? - answer✔-Normal Mental Status deteriorating to irritability or
anxiety
-Tachypnea
-Retractions
-Nasal Flaring (in Infants)
-Poor muscle tone
-Tachycardia
-Head bobbing
-Grunting
-Cyanosis or hypoxia that improves with supplemental o2
What is respiratory Failure? - answer✔-Irritability or anxiety deteriorating to lethargy
-Marked tachypnea later deteriorating to Bradypnea
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-Marked retractions later deteriorating to agonal respirations
-Poor muscle tone
-Marked tachycardia later deteriorating to bradycardia
-Central cyanosis
-Hypoxia
What is respiratory Arrest? - answer✔-Lethargy deteriorating to unconsciousness
-Bradypnea deteriorating to apnea
-absence of chest wall movement
-bradycardia deteriorating to asystole
-profound cyanosis
What are the contraindications to using an IO? - answer✔-Burns to site (optional depending on
severity of burn, think life over limb)
-Broken Bone
-Previous attempts to the same bone
What are the expected blood pressure ranges for the different pediatric age groups? -
answer✔-Under 1 year (70)
-Over 1 year minimum is (70+2x(age))
-Preferred Normal is (90+2x(age))
What is stridor? What does it indicate? - answer✔Stridor, which is a high-pitched sound heard
on inhalation, indicates swelling of the structures and tissues of the upper airway.
What is wheezing and what does it indicate? - answer✔Whistling sound due to narrowing of
the airways by edema, bronchoconstriction, or foreign materials
Lower airway distress
I.E. Asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia
Rare but may be present for a foreign body lower airway aspiration, especially in toddlers and
preschoolers.
Pg 1607 chapter 47: Pediatrics & 1034 chapter 32: Pulmonolgy
2|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What is stertor? What does it indicate? - answer✔-Laborious breathing (accompanied by
snoring) due to paralysis of a portion of the soft palate.
-Low pitched, indicative of an upper airway obstruction
What is rales/crackles? What does it indicate? - answer✔-Fine moist crackling sounds, popping,
non musical sounds heard usually during inspiration
-Associated with fluid in the smaller airways
What is Rhonchi? What does it indicate? - answer✔-Coarse low pitches usually best heard on
expiration
-Rattling sounds in the larger airways associated with excessive mucus or other material
What is snoring? What does it indicate? - answer✔Occurs when the upper airway is partially
obstructed, usually by the tongue
What is pleural friction rub? - answer✔Sounds like dried pieces of leather rubbing together,
occurs when pleura become inflamed as in pleurisy
What is a closed loop communication? - answer✔Sender initiates message, receiver accepts
message and provides feedback confirmation, sender verifies message was received
Example: "I need you to push 1 mg of atropine." "Okay, I will push 1 mg of atropine." "I just
pushed 1 mg of atropine."
True or False: If you are given an incorrect order you should offer the correction and confirm
that it is appropriate before administering it? - answer✔True
Any time a patient has altered mental status, what should you check immediately after ABC's? -
answer✔BGL? Vitals?
What are the signs/symptoms of anaphylactic shock? - answer✔-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea
-Angioedema
-Wheezing
-Urticaria
-Anxiousness/AMS
-Hypotension
3|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PALS EXAM Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+)
How do you calculate the upper ventilation rate in a pediatric patient? - answer✔40-age=
Upper respiratory limit
What is the leading cause and secondary cause of cardiac arrest in a child less than 1 year of
age? - answer✔Leading cause- Hypoxia
Secondary cause- Hypothermia
What is the leading cause and secondary cause of cardiac arrest in a child older than 1 year of
age? - answer✔Leading Cause- Hypoxia
Secondary- Hypovolemia
At what point do we start ventilations on a pediatric patient? - answer✔HR less than 100
At what point do we start CPR on a pediatric patient? - answer✔HR less than 60
What is respiratory distress? - answer✔-Normal Mental Status deteriorating to irritability or
anxiety
-Tachypnea
-Retractions
-Nasal Flaring (in Infants)
-Poor muscle tone
-Tachycardia
-Head bobbing
-Grunting
-Cyanosis or hypoxia that improves with supplemental o2
What is respiratory Failure? - answer✔-Irritability or anxiety deteriorating to lethargy
-Marked tachypnea later deteriorating to Bradypnea
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-Marked retractions later deteriorating to agonal respirations
-Poor muscle tone
-Marked tachycardia later deteriorating to bradycardia
-Central cyanosis
-Hypoxia
What is respiratory Arrest? - answer✔-Lethargy deteriorating to unconsciousness
-Bradypnea deteriorating to apnea
-absence of chest wall movement
-bradycardia deteriorating to asystole
-profound cyanosis
What are the contraindications to using an IO? - answer✔-Burns to site (optional depending on
severity of burn, think life over limb)
-Broken Bone
-Previous attempts to the same bone
What are the expected blood pressure ranges for the different pediatric age groups? -
answer✔-Under 1 year (70)
-Over 1 year minimum is (70+2x(age))
-Preferred Normal is (90+2x(age))
What is stridor? What does it indicate? - answer✔Stridor, which is a high-pitched sound heard
on inhalation, indicates swelling of the structures and tissues of the upper airway.
What is wheezing and what does it indicate? - answer✔Whistling sound due to narrowing of
the airways by edema, bronchoconstriction, or foreign materials
Lower airway distress
I.E. Asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia
Rare but may be present for a foreign body lower airway aspiration, especially in toddlers and
preschoolers.
Pg 1607 chapter 47: Pediatrics & 1034 chapter 32: Pulmonolgy
2|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What is stertor? What does it indicate? - answer✔-Laborious breathing (accompanied by
snoring) due to paralysis of a portion of the soft palate.
-Low pitched, indicative of an upper airway obstruction
What is rales/crackles? What does it indicate? - answer✔-Fine moist crackling sounds, popping,
non musical sounds heard usually during inspiration
-Associated with fluid in the smaller airways
What is Rhonchi? What does it indicate? - answer✔-Coarse low pitches usually best heard on
expiration
-Rattling sounds in the larger airways associated with excessive mucus or other material
What is snoring? What does it indicate? - answer✔Occurs when the upper airway is partially
obstructed, usually by the tongue
What is pleural friction rub? - answer✔Sounds like dried pieces of leather rubbing together,
occurs when pleura become inflamed as in pleurisy
What is a closed loop communication? - answer✔Sender initiates message, receiver accepts
message and provides feedback confirmation, sender verifies message was received
Example: "I need you to push 1 mg of atropine." "Okay, I will push 1 mg of atropine." "I just
pushed 1 mg of atropine."
True or False: If you are given an incorrect order you should offer the correction and confirm
that it is appropriate before administering it? - answer✔True
Any time a patient has altered mental status, what should you check immediately after ABC's? -
answer✔BGL? Vitals?
What are the signs/symptoms of anaphylactic shock? - answer✔-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea
-Angioedema
-Wheezing
-Urticaria
-Anxiousness/AMS
-Hypotension
3|Page
