Optometry-Exam 1with 100% complete
solution
areas of speciality within optometry - ANS primary care
pediatrics
vision rehabilitation
contact lenses/cornea
ocular disease
primary care - ANS the diagnosis and management of ocular disease, refractive error and
the co-management of oculo-systemic disease, in patients from 12-100+
pediatrics - ANS diagnosis and management of infants and children (6 mo-12 years) as well
as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), developmental disabilities, strabismus and amblyopia,
binocular vision disorders, accomodative and ocular motility disorders and vision-related
learning problems
vision rehabilitation - ANS the examination, treatment and management of patients with
visual impairments which cannot be fully treatable by medical, surgical or conventional eyewear
or contact lenses. Can involve the use of low vision aids such as magnifiers, specialized optical
systems, therapeutic filters, non-optical options, and/or video magnification, and the prescription
of rehabilitation therapy to effectively maximize visual functioning for activities of daily living
contact lenses/cornea - ANS management of anterior segment disease including fitting of
specialty contact lenses for condition including keratoconus, presbyopia, aphakia, high
astigmatism, corneal reshaping, and post-surgical corneas
ocular disease - ANS management of ocular disease including by not limited to
Neurophthalmic, vitreo-retinal, glaucoma and emergency
What are the three important aspects of the eye and vision evaluated by a comprehensive eye
exam? - ANS Optics/Refractive error, Binocular vision/Functional vision, and Ocular Health
What is emmetropia and when does it occur? - ANS It is normal vision and occurs when the
light passes through both the cornea and lens to focus light on the retina
What is hyperopia and when does it occur? - ANS It is farsightedness and occurs when the
light passes through both the cornea and the lens to focus light behind the retina
,what is myopia and when does it occur? - ANS it is nearsightedness and occurs when the
eye's focusing power is too strong and focuses light in front of the retina
What is the retina? - ANS It is the imaging surface of the eye
What is the cornea - ANS It is the clear front surface of the eye
What is the pupil and what is located directly behind it? - ANS It is the aperture (opening) of
the iris; the lens is located immediately behind the pupil
When do refractive errors result? - ANS They result when light entering the eye doesn't focus
on the retina
What do eye care providers use to correct refractive errors? - ANS Optical aids such as
spectacles and contact lenses or surgical procedures such as LASIK
What is asthenopia? - ANS It is eyestrain and can result from functional vision disorders
What are dysfunctions of the vergence and accommodative systems called? - ANS
functional vision disorders, binocular vision disorders and near point disorders
What are the symptoms caused by functional vision disorders? When do they occur? - ANS
They include asthenopia, headache, blurry vision double vision, tired eyes, feeling tired during
periods of reading, avoidance of near activities or dislike of reading. They typically occur during
or after periods of near work.
In what populations do accommodative disorders have a high prevalance? - ANS in the
pediatric population
What must the eyes do to see clearly and comfortable while looking at close objects? - ANS
They must work together. They must be pointed at the same object and the focusing system
should work accurately and for prolonged periods of time.
What can result in eye health problems? - ANS A problem with the anatomical structure of
the eye or a systemic medical condition that affects the eye
What is an example of a problem with anatomic structure of the lens? - ANS cataract
What is an example of a medical condition that affects the eye? - ANS hypertensive
retinopathy
What is DDx? - ANS Differential diagnosis is a group of possible diagnoses that would
account for a patient's symptoms
, What is Sx? - ANS A symptom is subject evidence of a disease noticed by a patient.
What is Sn? - ANS A sign is an objective finding as evaluated by the examiner.
The case history is an initiation of the doctor/patient relationship. What should the doctor do as
part of this component of the comprehensive exam? - ANS -investigate medical history
-investigate ocular history
-develop DDx to develop list of possible causes for the patient's symptoms
-determine which additional test to pursue to identify cause of chief complaint
What component of a comprehensive exam are screening tests? What information do they
provide? - ANS They give general info re:
Pt's Visual System
They screen different functions of the eye to preliminarily determine if each component is
functioning properly. They can be performed by either the doctor, or a trained assistant.
What are some examples of screening tests? - ANS Visual Acuity
Color Vision
Stereopsis
Pupil Training
Confrontational Visual Field (CVF)
Extraocular Muscles (EOM
Cover Test (CT)
What does visual acuity measure? - ANS The resolving ability of the eye.
What does SC denote? - ANS without correction
What does CC denote? - ANS with correction
What is a color vision screening test? - ANS It is a screening test for color deficiency and
evaluates a patient's ability to accurately discriminate color
What is stereopsis? - ANS It is a screening test of binocular (functional) vision and evaluates
a pt's 3-D vision.
What does pupil testing test? - ANS The eye's ability to respond to light appropriately.
Why is pupil testing considered to be primarily a neurological test? - ANS Neurological
pathways control the function of papillary muscles and the manner in which they respond to light
What is Confrontational Visual Field (CVF)? - ANS It is a screening test to see if there are
any defects in the pt's visual field. It tests peripheral vision.
solution
areas of speciality within optometry - ANS primary care
pediatrics
vision rehabilitation
contact lenses/cornea
ocular disease
primary care - ANS the diagnosis and management of ocular disease, refractive error and
the co-management of oculo-systemic disease, in patients from 12-100+
pediatrics - ANS diagnosis and management of infants and children (6 mo-12 years) as well
as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), developmental disabilities, strabismus and amblyopia,
binocular vision disorders, accomodative and ocular motility disorders and vision-related
learning problems
vision rehabilitation - ANS the examination, treatment and management of patients with
visual impairments which cannot be fully treatable by medical, surgical or conventional eyewear
or contact lenses. Can involve the use of low vision aids such as magnifiers, specialized optical
systems, therapeutic filters, non-optical options, and/or video magnification, and the prescription
of rehabilitation therapy to effectively maximize visual functioning for activities of daily living
contact lenses/cornea - ANS management of anterior segment disease including fitting of
specialty contact lenses for condition including keratoconus, presbyopia, aphakia, high
astigmatism, corneal reshaping, and post-surgical corneas
ocular disease - ANS management of ocular disease including by not limited to
Neurophthalmic, vitreo-retinal, glaucoma and emergency
What are the three important aspects of the eye and vision evaluated by a comprehensive eye
exam? - ANS Optics/Refractive error, Binocular vision/Functional vision, and Ocular Health
What is emmetropia and when does it occur? - ANS It is normal vision and occurs when the
light passes through both the cornea and lens to focus light on the retina
What is hyperopia and when does it occur? - ANS It is farsightedness and occurs when the
light passes through both the cornea and the lens to focus light behind the retina
,what is myopia and when does it occur? - ANS it is nearsightedness and occurs when the
eye's focusing power is too strong and focuses light in front of the retina
What is the retina? - ANS It is the imaging surface of the eye
What is the cornea - ANS It is the clear front surface of the eye
What is the pupil and what is located directly behind it? - ANS It is the aperture (opening) of
the iris; the lens is located immediately behind the pupil
When do refractive errors result? - ANS They result when light entering the eye doesn't focus
on the retina
What do eye care providers use to correct refractive errors? - ANS Optical aids such as
spectacles and contact lenses or surgical procedures such as LASIK
What is asthenopia? - ANS It is eyestrain and can result from functional vision disorders
What are dysfunctions of the vergence and accommodative systems called? - ANS
functional vision disorders, binocular vision disorders and near point disorders
What are the symptoms caused by functional vision disorders? When do they occur? - ANS
They include asthenopia, headache, blurry vision double vision, tired eyes, feeling tired during
periods of reading, avoidance of near activities or dislike of reading. They typically occur during
or after periods of near work.
In what populations do accommodative disorders have a high prevalance? - ANS in the
pediatric population
What must the eyes do to see clearly and comfortable while looking at close objects? - ANS
They must work together. They must be pointed at the same object and the focusing system
should work accurately and for prolonged periods of time.
What can result in eye health problems? - ANS A problem with the anatomical structure of
the eye or a systemic medical condition that affects the eye
What is an example of a problem with anatomic structure of the lens? - ANS cataract
What is an example of a medical condition that affects the eye? - ANS hypertensive
retinopathy
What is DDx? - ANS Differential diagnosis is a group of possible diagnoses that would
account for a patient's symptoms
, What is Sx? - ANS A symptom is subject evidence of a disease noticed by a patient.
What is Sn? - ANS A sign is an objective finding as evaluated by the examiner.
The case history is an initiation of the doctor/patient relationship. What should the doctor do as
part of this component of the comprehensive exam? - ANS -investigate medical history
-investigate ocular history
-develop DDx to develop list of possible causes for the patient's symptoms
-determine which additional test to pursue to identify cause of chief complaint
What component of a comprehensive exam are screening tests? What information do they
provide? - ANS They give general info re:
Pt's Visual System
They screen different functions of the eye to preliminarily determine if each component is
functioning properly. They can be performed by either the doctor, or a trained assistant.
What are some examples of screening tests? - ANS Visual Acuity
Color Vision
Stereopsis
Pupil Training
Confrontational Visual Field (CVF)
Extraocular Muscles (EOM
Cover Test (CT)
What does visual acuity measure? - ANS The resolving ability of the eye.
What does SC denote? - ANS without correction
What does CC denote? - ANS with correction
What is a color vision screening test? - ANS It is a screening test for color deficiency and
evaluates a patient's ability to accurately discriminate color
What is stereopsis? - ANS It is a screening test of binocular (functional) vision and evaluates
a pt's 3-D vision.
What does pupil testing test? - ANS The eye's ability to respond to light appropriately.
Why is pupil testing considered to be primarily a neurological test? - ANS Neurological
pathways control the function of papillary muscles and the manner in which they respond to light
What is Confrontational Visual Field (CVF)? - ANS It is a screening test to see if there are
any defects in the pt's visual field. It tests peripheral vision.
