PNN Day 2 - Asthma/COPD/Labs Questions And Answers With Verified Tests 100% Correct Answers

PNN Day 2 - Asthma/COPD/Labs
Adjusted body weight - ✔️✔️IBW + 0.4 (actual weight - IBW)

ABW/IBW/AdjBW: when to use what - ✔️✔️ABW/IBW ratio

>1.25 : adjusted body weight
1.0 - 1.25 : IBW
<1.0 : actual body weight

Cells in allergic asthma - ✔️✔️eosinophil
IgG

Cause of microcytic anemia - ✔️✔️Iron deficiency
Thalassemias - abnormal hemoglobin
Sickle cell anemia
Lead poisoning

Cause of macrocytic anemia - ✔️✔️Folate or B12 deficiency


AST/ALT: normal ranges - ✔️✔️<35 for both

Cirrhosis: liver function - ✔️✔️- Decreased albumin --> ascites
- Increased bilirubin --> jaundice
- Increased INR
- Increased ammonia --> hepatic encephalopathy

Process of protein metabolism - ✔️✔️Protein (NH3) --liver metabolism--> BUN --kidney
excretion--> urine

Cirrhosis: possible complications - ✔️✔️- ascites
- jaundice
- increased INR
- hepatic encephalopathy
- esophageal varices
- hepatocellular cancer
- hyponatremia d/t hypervolumia
- thrombocytopenia

1 L LR bag: mEq of Na+ - ✔️✔️140

Lithium toxicity: electrolyte imbalance - ✔️✔️hyponatremia

,Severe hyponatremia: aftermath - ✔️✔️seizures

Sources of ammonia - ✔️✔️- food intake
- gut flora

Functions of liver - ✔️✔️albumin synthesis
bilirubin clearance
production of factors 2, 7, 9, 10
ammonia clearance

Hgb: normal range - ✔️✔️male: 13.5-16.5 g/dL
female: 12-15.5 g/dL

BUN: normal range - ✔️✔️6-20

Hct: normal range - ✔️✔️35-50%

Comprehensive metabolic panel: components - ✔️✔️LFT
renal fxn
glucose
electrolytes

Hepatic encephalopathy: tx - ✔️✔️1) lactulose --> 2-3 bowel movements --> reduce
ammonia
2) rifaximin (Xifaxan) - reduce gut flora --> reduce ammonia

CBC diagram - ✔️✔️

WBC: normal range - ✔️✔️3.5-10.5 thou/ul

Hct: normal range - ✔️✔️35-50%

MCV: normal range - ✔️✔️80 - 100

Platelet: normal range - ✔️✔️150-450

Hgb: normal range - ✔️✔️male: 13.5 - 16.5
female: 12 - 15.5

ANC: how to calculate - ✔️✔️percentage of neutrophils and bands x WBC

Platelet: normal range - ✔️✔️150-450 thou/uL

MCV: normal range - ✔️✔️80-100 fL

, ANC equation - ✔️✔️WBC (in thousands) x (segs/PMN + bands) (in 0.__)

AHA Recommendation: Cholesterol/HDL Ratio - ✔️✔️<5.0 (ideally 3.5)

AKI: definition in terms of SCr and urine output - ✔️✔️SCr: increased 0.3 mg/dl in 2
days

or

1.5 x baseline in 7 days

or

urine output < 0.5 cc/kg/hr x 6 hrs

Digoxin toxicity: electrolyte imbalances - ✔️✔️- Hypokalemia
- Hypomagnesemia

KDIGO: staging - ✔️✔️Stage 1: SCr 1.5-1.9 x of baseline
Stage 2: 2.0-2.9
Stage 3: >3

AKI: pre-renal causes - ✔️✔️- low cardiac output (shock)
- hypovolemia (dehydration)

IV:PO levothyroxine - ✔️✔️0.75 : 1

TSH: normal range - ✔️✔️0.4-4.0


Corrected phenytoin: equation - ✔️✔️Corrected phenytoin = measured phenytoin/[(0.2
x albumin) + 0.1]

Causes of B12 deficiency - ✔️✔️- No PO intake (strict vegans)
- No intrinsic factors - extensive gastric surgery or auto-immune disease that destroys
intrinsic factor-producing cells (pernicious anemia) (cannot absorb B12)
- No ileum (cannot absorb B12)

IBW - ✔️✔️male: 50 + 2.3 (every inch over 5 ft)
female: 45.5 + 2.3 (every inch over 5 ft)

Measured CrCl - ✔️✔️[urine volume (ml) x urine Cr] / (plasma Cr x 24 hr x 60 min)