NUR2063 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Whatyoisyotheyodifferenceyobetweenyoayosignyoandyoayosymptom?yo-yoans--✔✔Signyo-
yoObjectiveyo(Erythema,yoEdema,yolesion)
yoSymptomyo-yoSubjectiveyo(Headache,yosore,yotired)
Nayo-yoSodiumyo-yoans--✔✔136-144yomEq
Hyponatremiayo-
yoanorexia,yogastrointestinalyoupset,yopooryoskinyoturgor,yodryyomucousyomembranes,yobloo
dyopressureyochanges,yopulseyochanges,yoedema,yoheadache,yolethargy,yoconfusion,yodimi
nishedyodeepyotendonyoreflexes,yomuscleyoweakness,yoseizures,yoandyocomayo|yo
Hypernatremiayo-
yoincreasedyotemperature,yowarmyoandyoflushedyoskin,yodryyoandyostickyyomucousyomembra
nes,yodysphagia,yoincreasedyothirst,yoirritability,yoagitation,yoweakness,yoheadache,yoseizur
es
Kyo-yoPotassiumyo-yoans--✔✔oyo3.7-5.2yomEqyo|yo
Hypokalemiayo-
yomuscleyoweakness,yoparesthesia,yohyporeflexia,yolegyocramps,yoweakyoandyoirregularyopu
lse,yohypotension,yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yodecreasedyobowelyosou
nds,yoabdominalyodistension,yoconstipation,yoileus,yoandyocardiacyoarrest|yo
Hyperkalemiayo-
yoparesthesia,yomuscleyoweakness,yoflaccidyoparalysis,yobradycardia,yodysrhythmias,yoelec
trocardiogramyochanges,yocardiacyoarrest,yorespiratoryyodepression,yoabdominalyocrampin
g,yonausea,yoandyodiarrhea
Mgyo-yoMagnesiumyo-yoans--✔✔.8-2.5yomEqyo|yoHypermagnesemiayo-
yoSameyoasyohypercalcemiayo|yoHypomagnesemiayo-yosameyoasyohypocalcemia
Cayo-yoCalciumyo-yoans--✔✔4yo-yo5yomEqyo|
Hypercalcemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yopersonalityyochanges,yoconfusion,yodecre
asedyomemory,yoheadache,yolethargy,yostupor,yocoma,yomuscleyoweakness,yodecreasedyo
deepyotendonyoreflexes,yoanorexia,yonausea,yovomiting,yoconstipation,yoabdominalyopain,yo
pancreatitis,yorenalyocalculi,yopolyuria,yoandyodehydrationyo|yo
,Hypocalcemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yoincreasedyobleedingyotendencies,yoanxiety
,yoconfusion,yodepression,yoirritability,yofatigue,yolethargy,yoparesthesia,yoincreasedyodeepyo
tendonyoreflexes,yotremors,yomuscleyospasms,yoseizures,yolaryngealyospasms,yoincreasedy
obowelyosounds,yoabdominalyocramping,yoandyopositiveyoTrousseau'syoandyoChvostek'syosi
gns
Pyo-yoPhosphorusyo-yoans--✔✔.5yo-yo4.5yomgyo|
Hyperphosphatemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yoincreasedyobleedingyotendencies,yoanxiety
,yoconfusion,yodepression,yoirritability,yofatigue,yolethargy,yoparesthesia,yoincreasedyodeepyo
tendonyoreflexes,yotremors,yomuscleyospasms,yoseizures,yolaryngealyospasms,yoincreasedy
obowelyosounds,yoabdominalyocramping,yoandyopositiveyoTrousseau'syoandyoChvostek'syosi
gnsyo
Hypophosphatemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yopersonalityyochanges,yoconfusion,yodecre
asedyomemory,yoheadache,yolethargy,yostupor,yocoma,yomuscleyoweakness,yodecreasedyo
deepyotendonyoreflexes,yoanorexia,yonausea,yovomiting,
Functionyoofyoribosomesyo-yoans--✔✔Synthesizesyoproteins
·yoHypervolemiayo-yoans--✔✔Fluidyovolumeyoexcessyoinyointravascularyospace
·yoHypovolemiayo-yoans--✔✔Fluidyovolumeyodeficityoinyointravascularyospace
·yoHomeostasisyo-yoans--✔✔Stateyoofyobalanceyo-
yoreachedyobyyopositiveyoandyonegativeyofeedbackyo-yoselfyoregulated
·yoHowyodoesyoayovaccineyoprovideyoimmunity?yo-yoans--✔✔Activeyoimmunityyo-
yoantigenyoexposure
·yoActiveyoimmunityyo-yoans--✔✔Vaccine,yooryohavingyotheyovirusyo-
yoBodyyobuildsyoimmunityyothroughyoexposure
·yoPassiveyoimmunityyo-yoans--✔✔Receivingyoantibodiesyofromyoexternalyosourceyo-
yobreastfeeding
·yoidentifyyoexamplesyoofyomalignantyocellsyo-yoans--
✔✔Rapidyogrowing,yometastasis,yofatal,youndifferentiated
·yoAssessmentyofindingsyoforyolocalizedyoinflammationyo-yoans--
✔✔Destroyedyotissue,yoredness,yoswelling,yoheat,yopain,yofunctionyoloss
oyoTypeyoI:yoIgEyomediatedyo-yoans--✔✔Hayyofever,yofoodyoallergy,yoanaphylaxis
, oyoTypeyoIIyoIgM/IgG:yocytotoxicyohypersensitivityyoreactionyo-yoans--
✔✔Bloodyotransfusionyoreaction,yoerythroblastosisyofetalis
oyoTypeyoIII:yoimmuneyocomplex-mediatedyo-yoans--✔✔Autoimmuneyoconditionsyo-yoLupus
oyoTypeyoIV:yodelayedyohypersensitivityyoreactionyo-yoans--
✔✔Tuberculinyoskinyotesting,yotransplantyoreactions,yocontactyodermatitis
·yoWhatyofindingsyowouldyoyouyoexpectyoinyosomeoneyowithyoanyoanaphylacticyoreaction?yo-
yoans--✔✔Bronchodilation,yoairwayyoconstriction,
Manifestationsyoofyoayotypeyo1yohypersensitivityyo-yoans--✔✔GIyoallergy
Nausea,yovomiting,yodiarrhea,yoabdominalyopain
Skinyomanifestations
Urticariayo(hives)
Mucosayoallergens
Conjunctivitis,yorhinitis,yoasthma
Lungyoallergens
Bronchospasm,yoedema,yothickyosecretions
·yoManifestationsyoofyofight/flightyoresponseyo-yoans--
✔✔IncreaseyoHR,yoincreasedyorespirations,yodiaphoresis,yopupilyodilation,yoincreasedyoblo
odyoflowyotoyomuscles,yostrength,yoalertness,yodecreasedyoinflammation
oyoComplicationyoofyocompartmentyosyndromeyo-yoans--
✔✔resultsyofromyoincreasedyopressureyoinyoayocompartment,yousuallyyotheyomuscleyofascia
yoinyotheyocaseyoofyofractures
oyoWhatyoisyocontactyodermatitis?yo-yoans--
✔✔Acuteyoinflammatoryyoreactionyotriggeredyobyyodirectyoexposureyotoyoanyoirritantyooryoall
ergen-producingyosubstance
oyoClinicalyomanifestationyoofyorheumatoidyoarthritisyo(RA)yo-yoans--
✔✔Fatigue,yoanorexia,yofever,yomalaise,yomuscleyospasms,yomorningyostiffness,yowarmthyo
andyotendernessyoinyojoints,yoanemia,yodepression,younsteadyyogait
oyoWhatyoisyoMuscularyoDystrophy?yo-yoans--
✔✔Groupyoofyoinherited,yononinflammatoryyodisordersyocharacterizedyobyyodegenerationyo
ofyoskeletalyomuscle.
Fatyoandyofibrosisyoconnectiveyotissuesyoeventuallyyoreplaceyoskeletalyomuscleyofibers,yopro
gressivelyyoweakeningyotheyomuscles.
oyoStepsyoofyohemostasisyo-yoans--✔✔Vascularyospasm,yoplateletyoplug,yoandyocoagulation
Whatyoisyotheyodifferenceyobetweenyoayosignyoandyoayosymptom?yo-yoans--✔✔Signyo-
yoObjectiveyo(Erythema,yoEdema,yolesion)
yoSymptomyo-yoSubjectiveyo(Headache,yosore,yotired)
Nayo-yoSodiumyo-yoans--✔✔136-144yomEq
Hyponatremiayo-
yoanorexia,yogastrointestinalyoupset,yopooryoskinyoturgor,yodryyomucousyomembranes,yobloo
dyopressureyochanges,yopulseyochanges,yoedema,yoheadache,yolethargy,yoconfusion,yodimi
nishedyodeepyotendonyoreflexes,yomuscleyoweakness,yoseizures,yoandyocomayo|yo
Hypernatremiayo-
yoincreasedyotemperature,yowarmyoandyoflushedyoskin,yodryyoandyostickyyomucousyomembra
nes,yodysphagia,yoincreasedyothirst,yoirritability,yoagitation,yoweakness,yoheadache,yoseizur
es
Kyo-yoPotassiumyo-yoans--✔✔oyo3.7-5.2yomEqyo|yo
Hypokalemiayo-
yomuscleyoweakness,yoparesthesia,yohyporeflexia,yolegyocramps,yoweakyoandyoirregularyopu
lse,yohypotension,yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yodecreasedyobowelyosou
nds,yoabdominalyodistension,yoconstipation,yoileus,yoandyocardiacyoarrest|yo
Hyperkalemiayo-
yoparesthesia,yomuscleyoweakness,yoflaccidyoparalysis,yobradycardia,yodysrhythmias,yoelec
trocardiogramyochanges,yocardiacyoarrest,yorespiratoryyodepression,yoabdominalyocrampin
g,yonausea,yoandyodiarrhea
Mgyo-yoMagnesiumyo-yoans--✔✔.8-2.5yomEqyo|yoHypermagnesemiayo-
yoSameyoasyohypercalcemiayo|yoHypomagnesemiayo-yosameyoasyohypocalcemia
Cayo-yoCalciumyo-yoans--✔✔4yo-yo5yomEqyo|
Hypercalcemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yopersonalityyochanges,yoconfusion,yodecre
asedyomemory,yoheadache,yolethargy,yostupor,yocoma,yomuscleyoweakness,yodecreasedyo
deepyotendonyoreflexes,yoanorexia,yonausea,yovomiting,yoconstipation,yoabdominalyopain,yo
pancreatitis,yorenalyocalculi,yopolyuria,yoandyodehydrationyo|yo
,Hypocalcemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yoincreasedyobleedingyotendencies,yoanxiety
,yoconfusion,yodepression,yoirritability,yofatigue,yolethargy,yoparesthesia,yoincreasedyodeepyo
tendonyoreflexes,yotremors,yomuscleyospasms,yoseizures,yolaryngealyospasms,yoincreasedy
obowelyosounds,yoabdominalyocramping,yoandyopositiveyoTrousseau'syoandyoChvostek'syosi
gns
Pyo-yoPhosphorusyo-yoans--✔✔.5yo-yo4.5yomgyo|
Hyperphosphatemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yoincreasedyobleedingyotendencies,yoanxiety
,yoconfusion,yodepression,yoirritability,yofatigue,yolethargy,yoparesthesia,yoincreasedyodeepyo
tendonyoreflexes,yotremors,yomuscleyospasms,yoseizures,yolaryngealyospasms,yoincreasedy
obowelyosounds,yoabdominalyocramping,yoandyopositiveyoTrousseau'syoandyoChvostek'syosi
gnsyo
Hypophosphatemiayo-
yodysrhythmias,yoelectrocardiogramyochanges,yopersonalityyochanges,yoconfusion,yodecre
asedyomemory,yoheadache,yolethargy,yostupor,yocoma,yomuscleyoweakness,yodecreasedyo
deepyotendonyoreflexes,yoanorexia,yonausea,yovomiting,
Functionyoofyoribosomesyo-yoans--✔✔Synthesizesyoproteins
·yoHypervolemiayo-yoans--✔✔Fluidyovolumeyoexcessyoinyointravascularyospace
·yoHypovolemiayo-yoans--✔✔Fluidyovolumeyodeficityoinyointravascularyospace
·yoHomeostasisyo-yoans--✔✔Stateyoofyobalanceyo-
yoreachedyobyyopositiveyoandyonegativeyofeedbackyo-yoselfyoregulated
·yoHowyodoesyoayovaccineyoprovideyoimmunity?yo-yoans--✔✔Activeyoimmunityyo-
yoantigenyoexposure
·yoActiveyoimmunityyo-yoans--✔✔Vaccine,yooryohavingyotheyovirusyo-
yoBodyyobuildsyoimmunityyothroughyoexposure
·yoPassiveyoimmunityyo-yoans--✔✔Receivingyoantibodiesyofromyoexternalyosourceyo-
yobreastfeeding
·yoidentifyyoexamplesyoofyomalignantyocellsyo-yoans--
✔✔Rapidyogrowing,yometastasis,yofatal,youndifferentiated
·yoAssessmentyofindingsyoforyolocalizedyoinflammationyo-yoans--
✔✔Destroyedyotissue,yoredness,yoswelling,yoheat,yopain,yofunctionyoloss
oyoTypeyoI:yoIgEyomediatedyo-yoans--✔✔Hayyofever,yofoodyoallergy,yoanaphylaxis
, oyoTypeyoIIyoIgM/IgG:yocytotoxicyohypersensitivityyoreactionyo-yoans--
✔✔Bloodyotransfusionyoreaction,yoerythroblastosisyofetalis
oyoTypeyoIII:yoimmuneyocomplex-mediatedyo-yoans--✔✔Autoimmuneyoconditionsyo-yoLupus
oyoTypeyoIV:yodelayedyohypersensitivityyoreactionyo-yoans--
✔✔Tuberculinyoskinyotesting,yotransplantyoreactions,yocontactyodermatitis
·yoWhatyofindingsyowouldyoyouyoexpectyoinyosomeoneyowithyoanyoanaphylacticyoreaction?yo-
yoans--✔✔Bronchodilation,yoairwayyoconstriction,
Manifestationsyoofyoayotypeyo1yohypersensitivityyo-yoans--✔✔GIyoallergy
Nausea,yovomiting,yodiarrhea,yoabdominalyopain
Skinyomanifestations
Urticariayo(hives)
Mucosayoallergens
Conjunctivitis,yorhinitis,yoasthma
Lungyoallergens
Bronchospasm,yoedema,yothickyosecretions
·yoManifestationsyoofyofight/flightyoresponseyo-yoans--
✔✔IncreaseyoHR,yoincreasedyorespirations,yodiaphoresis,yopupilyodilation,yoincreasedyoblo
odyoflowyotoyomuscles,yostrength,yoalertness,yodecreasedyoinflammation
oyoComplicationyoofyocompartmentyosyndromeyo-yoans--
✔✔resultsyofromyoincreasedyopressureyoinyoayocompartment,yousuallyyotheyomuscleyofascia
yoinyotheyocaseyoofyofractures
oyoWhatyoisyocontactyodermatitis?yo-yoans--
✔✔Acuteyoinflammatoryyoreactionyotriggeredyobyyodirectyoexposureyotoyoanyoirritantyooryoall
ergen-producingyosubstance
oyoClinicalyomanifestationyoofyorheumatoidyoarthritisyo(RA)yo-yoans--
✔✔Fatigue,yoanorexia,yofever,yomalaise,yomuscleyospasms,yomorningyostiffness,yowarmthyo
andyotendernessyoinyojoints,yoanemia,yodepression,younsteadyyogait
oyoWhatyoisyoMuscularyoDystrophy?yo-yoans--
✔✔Groupyoofyoinherited,yononinflammatoryyodisordersyocharacterizedyobyyodegenerationyo
ofyoskeletalyomuscle.
Fatyoandyofibrosisyoconnectiveyotissuesyoeventuallyyoreplaceyoskeletalyomuscleyofibers,yopro
gressivelyyoweakeningyotheyomuscles.
oyoStepsyoofyohemostasisyo-yoans--✔✔Vascularyospasm,yoplateletyoplug,yoandyocoagulation
