©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BIO 669 Fluid and electrolyte balance/acid
base balance. Exam Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+
Aldosterone is influenced by what? - answer✔circulating blood volume, blood pressure, plasma
concentrations of sodium and potassium
what is released when circulating blood volume of BP is decreased or sodium is decreased or
potassium is increased? - answer✔renin is secreted and released by the kidneys
renin stimulates the release of what? - answer✔angiotensin
water balance is primarily regulated by what? - answer✔antidiuretic hormone (ADH,
vasopressin)
ADH secretion increases what? - answer✔water reabsorption into the plasma
what are thirst receptors called? - answer✔osmolality receptors
what are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - answer✔hyperosmolality and plasma volume
depletion
volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______ and
stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - answer✔ADH; pituitary gland
if sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid in the
retention of water - answer✔ADH
an isotonic fluid excess is called? - answer✔hypervolemia
Excessive administration of IV fluids can lead to? - answer✔Hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - answer✔hypervolemia
what are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - answer✔distended neck veins, increased BP,
increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
hypervolemia is treated with? - answer✔diuretics
aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - answer✔potassium
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - answer✔renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - answer✔sodium
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and ___________
release - answer✔vasomotor tone; ADH
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - answer✔aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - answer✔nature tic peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal cellular
functions - answer✔potassium
the distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced by
what factors? - answer✔insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
an insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise can
facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - answer✔out
the ________________ is the most efficient regulator of potassium balance - answer✔kidney
when the body senses a lot of potassium has been ingested what happens? -
answer✔potassium will be excreted in urine
During acute acidosis hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts
_______________ - answer✔out of the cell
_____________________ ____________________ is the ability of the body to adapt to
increased levels of potassium - answer✔potassium adaptation
Shallow T waves and U waves are seen on and EKG in ________________________ -
answer✔hypokalemia
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium and insulin administration may cause
________________ - answer✔hypokalemia due to an ECF potassium deficit
Diabetic ketoacidosis causes an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the ECF causing
______________ to shift into the cell in exchange for ________________ - answer✔hydrogen;
potassium
what are they clinical manifestations of hypokalemia? - answer✔cardiac and neuromuscular
manifestations
neuromuscular excitability decreases
2|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BIO 669 Fluid and electrolyte balance/acid
base balance. Exam Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+
Aldosterone is influenced by what? - answer✔circulating blood volume, blood pressure, plasma
concentrations of sodium and potassium
what is released when circulating blood volume of BP is decreased or sodium is decreased or
potassium is increased? - answer✔renin is secreted and released by the kidneys
renin stimulates the release of what? - answer✔angiotensin
water balance is primarily regulated by what? - answer✔antidiuretic hormone (ADH,
vasopressin)
ADH secretion increases what? - answer✔water reabsorption into the plasma
what are thirst receptors called? - answer✔osmolality receptors
what are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - answer✔hyperosmolality and plasma volume
depletion
volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______ and
stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - answer✔ADH; pituitary gland
if sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid in the
retention of water - answer✔ADH
an isotonic fluid excess is called? - answer✔hypervolemia
Excessive administration of IV fluids can lead to? - answer✔Hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - answer✔hypervolemia
what are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - answer✔distended neck veins, increased BP,
increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
hypervolemia is treated with? - answer✔diuretics
aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - answer✔potassium
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - answer✔renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - answer✔sodium
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and ___________
release - answer✔vasomotor tone; ADH
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - answer✔aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - answer✔nature tic peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal cellular
functions - answer✔potassium
the distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced by
what factors? - answer✔insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
an insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise can
facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - answer✔out
the ________________ is the most efficient regulator of potassium balance - answer✔kidney
when the body senses a lot of potassium has been ingested what happens? -
answer✔potassium will be excreted in urine
During acute acidosis hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts
_______________ - answer✔out of the cell
_____________________ ____________________ is the ability of the body to adapt to
increased levels of potassium - answer✔potassium adaptation
Shallow T waves and U waves are seen on and EKG in ________________________ -
answer✔hypokalemia
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium and insulin administration may cause
________________ - answer✔hypokalemia due to an ECF potassium deficit
Diabetic ketoacidosis causes an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the ECF causing
______________ to shift into the cell in exchange for ________________ - answer✔hydrogen;
potassium
what are they clinical manifestations of hypokalemia? - answer✔cardiac and neuromuscular
manifestations
neuromuscular excitability decreases
2|Page
