CSCS study guide Scientific
Foundations Question and answers
already passed
List the major muscles and muscle groups (anterior) - correct answer ✔From
top to bottom
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps Brachii
Rectus abdominis
Brachialis
External Oblique
Brachioradialis
Finger flexors
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Tibialis anterior
List the major muscles and muscle groups (posterior) - correct answer
✔Trapezius
Infraspinatus
Teres major
,Triceps brachii
Finger extensors
Gluteus maximus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
identify the location of major muscles and the bones to which they attach to
create movement (anterior) - correct answer ✔Deltoid --> clavicle, scapula,
and humerus
Pectoralis major --> humerus
Biceps brachii --> radius and coracoid process of scapula
Rectus abdominis --> pubic crest and ribs 5-7
Brachialis --> ulna and humerus
External oblique --> ribs and iliac crest
Brachioradialis --> radius and humerus
Finger flexors --> ulna and phalanges
Adductor longus --> femur and pubic crest
Gracilis --> tibia and body of pubis
Sartorius --> iliac crest (ASIS) and tibia
Rectus femoris --> Iliac spine and patella
Vastus lateralis --> femur and patella
Vastus medialis --> femur and patella
Tibialis anterior --> tibia and metatarsal bone 1
,identify the location of major muscles and the bones to which they attach to
create movement (posterior) - correct answer ✔Trapezius --> vertebral
column c1-6, c7-t3, clavicle, spine of scapula
Infraspinatus --> scapula and humerus
Teres major --> scapula and humerus
Triceps brachii --> long head -> scapula and ulna, medial and lateral head ->
humerus and ulna
Finger extensors --> humerus and metacarpals 2-5?
Gluteus maximus --> pelvis (surface of coccyx and sacrum) and femur
Semitendinosus --> pelvis and tibia
Biceps femoris --> femur and head of fibula
Semimembranosus --> pelvis and tibia
Gastrocnemius --> femur and calcaneus
Soleus --> head of fibula and calcaneus
Describe the macrostructure of muscle - correct answer ✔Each skeletal
muscle is an organ that contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerves,
and blood vessels. The epimysium (fibrous connective tissue) covers the
body's more than 430 skeletal muscles.
The epimysium is contiguous with the tendons at the ends of muscle. The
tendon is attached to bone periosteum.
Under the epimysium the muscle fibers are grouped in bundles, fasciculi,
which may consist up to 150 fibers. Each bundle is surrounded by a layer
called perimysium.
Each muscle fiber is surrounded by connective tissue called endomysium.
That is contiguous with the sarcolemma, fiber's membrane.
, Describe the microstructure of muscle - correct answer ✔Myofibrils dominate
the the sarcoplasm. Myofibrils contain the apparatus that contracts the muscle
cell. The muscle cell consists of two types of myofilaments, myosin and actin.
The globular head of a myosin filament protrudes away from the filament and
a pair of myosin filaments forms a cross-bridge (formed when myosin heads
attach to actin during muscle contraction)
Both filaments are organized longitudinally in the smallest contractile unit of
skeletal muscle, the sarcomere. Myosin filaments are anchored to each other
at the M-bridge in the center of the sarcomere. Actin filaments are aligned at
both ends of the sarcomere and are anchored at the Z-line. Six actin filaments
surround each myosin filament, and each actin filament is surrounded by
three myosin filaments.
The A-band of the sarcomere corresponds with the myosin filaments. The I-
band corresponds with the areas in two adjacent sarcomeres than only
contain actin filaments.
The Z-line is in the middle of the I-band and runs longitudinally through the I-
band. The H-zone is the area in the center of the sarcomere where only
myosin filaments are present.
Identify the components of the contractile unit of a muscle fiber and their
functions - correct answer ✔Both filaments are organized longitudinally in the
smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle, the sarcomere. Myosin filaments
are anchored to each other at the M-bridge in the center of the sarcomere.
Actin filaments are aligned at both ends of the sarcomere and are anchored at
the Z-line. Six actin filaments surround each myosin filament, and each actin
filament is surrounded by three myosin filaments.
Foundations Question and answers
already passed
List the major muscles and muscle groups (anterior) - correct answer ✔From
top to bottom
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps Brachii
Rectus abdominis
Brachialis
External Oblique
Brachioradialis
Finger flexors
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Tibialis anterior
List the major muscles and muscle groups (posterior) - correct answer
✔Trapezius
Infraspinatus
Teres major
,Triceps brachii
Finger extensors
Gluteus maximus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
identify the location of major muscles and the bones to which they attach to
create movement (anterior) - correct answer ✔Deltoid --> clavicle, scapula,
and humerus
Pectoralis major --> humerus
Biceps brachii --> radius and coracoid process of scapula
Rectus abdominis --> pubic crest and ribs 5-7
Brachialis --> ulna and humerus
External oblique --> ribs and iliac crest
Brachioradialis --> radius and humerus
Finger flexors --> ulna and phalanges
Adductor longus --> femur and pubic crest
Gracilis --> tibia and body of pubis
Sartorius --> iliac crest (ASIS) and tibia
Rectus femoris --> Iliac spine and patella
Vastus lateralis --> femur and patella
Vastus medialis --> femur and patella
Tibialis anterior --> tibia and metatarsal bone 1
,identify the location of major muscles and the bones to which they attach to
create movement (posterior) - correct answer ✔Trapezius --> vertebral
column c1-6, c7-t3, clavicle, spine of scapula
Infraspinatus --> scapula and humerus
Teres major --> scapula and humerus
Triceps brachii --> long head -> scapula and ulna, medial and lateral head ->
humerus and ulna
Finger extensors --> humerus and metacarpals 2-5?
Gluteus maximus --> pelvis (surface of coccyx and sacrum) and femur
Semitendinosus --> pelvis and tibia
Biceps femoris --> femur and head of fibula
Semimembranosus --> pelvis and tibia
Gastrocnemius --> femur and calcaneus
Soleus --> head of fibula and calcaneus
Describe the macrostructure of muscle - correct answer ✔Each skeletal
muscle is an organ that contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerves,
and blood vessels. The epimysium (fibrous connective tissue) covers the
body's more than 430 skeletal muscles.
The epimysium is contiguous with the tendons at the ends of muscle. The
tendon is attached to bone periosteum.
Under the epimysium the muscle fibers are grouped in bundles, fasciculi,
which may consist up to 150 fibers. Each bundle is surrounded by a layer
called perimysium.
Each muscle fiber is surrounded by connective tissue called endomysium.
That is contiguous with the sarcolemma, fiber's membrane.
, Describe the microstructure of muscle - correct answer ✔Myofibrils dominate
the the sarcoplasm. Myofibrils contain the apparatus that contracts the muscle
cell. The muscle cell consists of two types of myofilaments, myosin and actin.
The globular head of a myosin filament protrudes away from the filament and
a pair of myosin filaments forms a cross-bridge (formed when myosin heads
attach to actin during muscle contraction)
Both filaments are organized longitudinally in the smallest contractile unit of
skeletal muscle, the sarcomere. Myosin filaments are anchored to each other
at the M-bridge in the center of the sarcomere. Actin filaments are aligned at
both ends of the sarcomere and are anchored at the Z-line. Six actin filaments
surround each myosin filament, and each actin filament is surrounded by
three myosin filaments.
The A-band of the sarcomere corresponds with the myosin filaments. The I-
band corresponds with the areas in two adjacent sarcomeres than only
contain actin filaments.
The Z-line is in the middle of the I-band and runs longitudinally through the I-
band. The H-zone is the area in the center of the sarcomere where only
myosin filaments are present.
Identify the components of the contractile unit of a muscle fiber and their
functions - correct answer ✔Both filaments are organized longitudinally in the
smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle, the sarcomere. Myosin filaments
are anchored to each other at the M-bridge in the center of the sarcomere.
Actin filaments are aligned at both ends of the sarcomere and are anchored at
the Z-line. Six actin filaments surround each myosin filament, and each actin
filament is surrounded by three myosin filaments.
