EXAM 2 BIO 1013 BRCC QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
energyy-yanswer--
Theycapacityytoydoywork.yCellularyworkyincludesyprocessesysuchyasybuildingycomplexy
moleculesyandymovingysubstancesyintoyandyoutyofytheycell.
biofuelsy-yanswer--renewableyfuelsymadeyfromylivingyorganisms
fossilyfuelsy-yanswer--Carbon-
richyenergyysources,ysuchyasypetroleum,ynaturalygas,yandycoal,ywhichyareyformedyfrom
ytheycompressed,yfossilizedyremainsyofyonce-livingyorganisms.
chemicalyenergyy-yanswer--
potentialyenergyystoredyinytheychemicalybondsythatyholdychemicalycompoundsytogether
conservationyofyenergyy-yanswer--
Theyprincipleythatyenergyycannotybeycreatedyorydestroyed,ybutycanybeytransformedyfro
myoneyformytoyanother.
potentialyenergyy-yanswer--storedyenergy
kineticyenergyy-yanswer--energyydueytoymotion
heaty-yanswer--
Theykineticyenergyygeneratedybyyrandomymovementsyofymoleculesyoryatoms.
Photosynthesisy-yanswer--
Theyprocessybyywhichyplantsyandyalgaeyharnessytheyenergyyofysunlightytoymakeysugary
fromycarbonydioxideyandywater.
autotrophsy-yanswer--
Organismsysuchyasyplants,yalgae,yandycertainybacteriaythatycanymakeytheiryownyfoodyfr
omyinorganicystartingymaterialsy(e.g.,yCO2).
heterotrophsy-yanswer--
Organisms,ysuchyasyhumansyandyotheryanimals,ythatyobtainyenergyybyyconsumingyorg
anicymoleculesythatywereyproducedybyyotheryorganisms.
Chloroplasty-yanswer--
Theyorganelleyinyplantyandyalgaeycellsywhereyphotosynthesisyoccurs.
lightyenergyy-yanswer--aytypeyofyelectromagneticyradiationythatyincludesyvisibleylight
, photonsy-yanswer--
Packetsyofylightyenergy,yeachywithyayspecificywavelengthyandyquantityyofyenergy.
chlorophylly-yanswer--
Theypigmentypresentyinytheygreenypartsyofyplantsythatyabsorbsyphotonsyofylightyenergyy
duringythey"photo"yreactionsyofyphotosynthesis.
AdenosineyTriphosphatey(ATP)y-yanswer--Theymoleculeyinycellsythatypowersyenergy-
requiringyfunctions.
carbonyfixationy-yanswer--
Theyconversionyofyinorganicycarbony(e.g.,yCO2)yintoyorganicyformsy(e.g.,ysugarsylikeygl
ucose,yC6H12O6.
BodyyMassyIndexy(BMI)y-yanswer--anyestimateyofybodyyfatybasedyonyheightyandyweight
overweighty-yanswer--havingyaybmiyofy25yorymoreybutylessythany30
obesey-yanswer--
Havingy20%ymoreybodyyfatythanyisyrecommendedyforyone'syheight,yasymeasuredybyyay
bodyymassyindexyequalytoyorygreaterythany30.
caloriey-yanswer--Aycaloriey(spelledywithyaylower-
casey"c")yisytheyamountyofyenergyyrequiredytoyraiseytheytemperatureyofy1ygramyofywater
ybyy1°C.
neaty-yanswer--Non-
exerciseyactivityythermogenesis,ytheyamountyofyenergyyexpendedyinyeverydayyactivitie
s.
AdenosineyTriphosphatey(ATP)y-yanswer--
Theymoleculeythatycellsyuseytoypoweryenergy-requiringyfunctions.
aerobicyrespirationy-yanswer--
Ayseriesyofyreactionsythatyoccursyinytheypresenceyofyoxygenyandyconvertsyenergyystore
dyinyfoodyintoyATP.
glycolysisy-yanswer--
Ayseriesyofyreactionsythatybreaksydownysugaryintoysmalleryunits;yglycolysisytakesyplacey
inytheycytoplasmyandyisytheyfirstystageyofybothyaerobicyrespirationyandyfermentation.
citricyacidycycley-yanswer--
Aysetyofyreactionsythatytakesyplaceyinymitochondriayandyhelpsyextractyenergyy(inytheyfor
myofyhigh-energyyelectrons)yfromyfood;ytheysecondystageyofyaerobicyrespiration.
NAD+y-yanswer--
Anyelectronycarrier.yNAD+ycanyacceptyelectrons,ybecomingyNADHyinytheyprocess.
AND ANSWERS
energyy-yanswer--
Theycapacityytoydoywork.yCellularyworkyincludesyprocessesysuchyasybuildingycomplexy
moleculesyandymovingysubstancesyintoyandyoutyofytheycell.
biofuelsy-yanswer--renewableyfuelsymadeyfromylivingyorganisms
fossilyfuelsy-yanswer--Carbon-
richyenergyysources,ysuchyasypetroleum,ynaturalygas,yandycoal,ywhichyareyformedyfrom
ytheycompressed,yfossilizedyremainsyofyonce-livingyorganisms.
chemicalyenergyy-yanswer--
potentialyenergyystoredyinytheychemicalybondsythatyholdychemicalycompoundsytogether
conservationyofyenergyy-yanswer--
Theyprincipleythatyenergyycannotybeycreatedyorydestroyed,ybutycanybeytransformedyfro
myoneyformytoyanother.
potentialyenergyy-yanswer--storedyenergy
kineticyenergyy-yanswer--energyydueytoymotion
heaty-yanswer--
Theykineticyenergyygeneratedybyyrandomymovementsyofymoleculesyoryatoms.
Photosynthesisy-yanswer--
Theyprocessybyywhichyplantsyandyalgaeyharnessytheyenergyyofysunlightytoymakeysugary
fromycarbonydioxideyandywater.
autotrophsy-yanswer--
Organismsysuchyasyplants,yalgae,yandycertainybacteriaythatycanymakeytheiryownyfoodyfr
omyinorganicystartingymaterialsy(e.g.,yCO2).
heterotrophsy-yanswer--
Organisms,ysuchyasyhumansyandyotheryanimals,ythatyobtainyenergyybyyconsumingyorg
anicymoleculesythatywereyproducedybyyotheryorganisms.
Chloroplasty-yanswer--
Theyorganelleyinyplantyandyalgaeycellsywhereyphotosynthesisyoccurs.
lightyenergyy-yanswer--aytypeyofyelectromagneticyradiationythatyincludesyvisibleylight
, photonsy-yanswer--
Packetsyofylightyenergy,yeachywithyayspecificywavelengthyandyquantityyofyenergy.
chlorophylly-yanswer--
Theypigmentypresentyinytheygreenypartsyofyplantsythatyabsorbsyphotonsyofylightyenergyy
duringythey"photo"yreactionsyofyphotosynthesis.
AdenosineyTriphosphatey(ATP)y-yanswer--Theymoleculeyinycellsythatypowersyenergy-
requiringyfunctions.
carbonyfixationy-yanswer--
Theyconversionyofyinorganicycarbony(e.g.,yCO2)yintoyorganicyformsy(e.g.,ysugarsylikeygl
ucose,yC6H12O6.
BodyyMassyIndexy(BMI)y-yanswer--anyestimateyofybodyyfatybasedyonyheightyandyweight
overweighty-yanswer--havingyaybmiyofy25yorymoreybutylessythany30
obesey-yanswer--
Havingy20%ymoreybodyyfatythanyisyrecommendedyforyone'syheight,yasymeasuredybyyay
bodyymassyindexyequalytoyorygreaterythany30.
caloriey-yanswer--Aycaloriey(spelledywithyaylower-
casey"c")yisytheyamountyofyenergyyrequiredytoyraiseytheytemperatureyofy1ygramyofywater
ybyy1°C.
neaty-yanswer--Non-
exerciseyactivityythermogenesis,ytheyamountyofyenergyyexpendedyinyeverydayyactivitie
s.
AdenosineyTriphosphatey(ATP)y-yanswer--
Theymoleculeythatycellsyuseytoypoweryenergy-requiringyfunctions.
aerobicyrespirationy-yanswer--
Ayseriesyofyreactionsythatyoccursyinytheypresenceyofyoxygenyandyconvertsyenergyystore
dyinyfoodyintoyATP.
glycolysisy-yanswer--
Ayseriesyofyreactionsythatybreaksydownysugaryintoysmalleryunits;yglycolysisytakesyplacey
inytheycytoplasmyandyisytheyfirstystageyofybothyaerobicyrespirationyandyfermentation.
citricyacidycycley-yanswer--
Aysetyofyreactionsythatytakesyplaceyinymitochondriayandyhelpsyextractyenergyy(inytheyfor
myofyhigh-energyyelectrons)yfromyfood;ytheysecondystageyofyaerobicyrespiration.
NAD+y-yanswer--
Anyelectronycarrier.yNAD+ycanyacceptyelectrons,ybecomingyNADHyinytheyprocess.
