HOSMERIT
BIOS 242 EXAM 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADE
Organic ✅heterotrophs are?
Heterotroph ✅•an organism that must obtain its carbon in organic form
•dependent on eating other life forms
Inorganic ✅autotrophs are?
Autotroph ✅•"self-feeder" (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis)
•uses inorganic co2 as its carbon source; builds organiccompounds from the co2
Phototroph ✅an organism that gets its energy from sunlight
Chemotrophs ✅organisms that get energy from chemical compounds
Photoautotrophs ✅capture energy from light and transform it into chemical energy that can be
used for cell metabolism
Chemoautotroph ✅•use inorganic or organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as
a carbon source
Saprobes ✅organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter
Parasites ✅an organism that lives in or on another organism, deriving nourishment at the expense
of its host, usually without killing it
Macronutrients ✅nutrients that provide calories and energy, they are required in large amounts.
Carbs, fats and proteins
Micronutrients ✅vitamins and minerals. Vital to healthy development and disease prevention
Vitamins ✅coenzymes and cofactors for optimal enzyme function
Passive transport ✅the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of
energy by the cell
Osmosis ✅diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Facilated diffusion ✅movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein
channels
, Active transport ✅energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against
a concentration difference
Isotonic solution ✅a solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of
the cell
Hypertonic solution ✅a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the
cell
Hypotonic solution ✅a solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell
Cardinal temperatures ✅the minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures at which an
organism grows
Max growth temp ✅highest temp at which growth is possible
Mini growth temp ✅lowest temp at which growth is possible
Psychrophiles ✅cold-loving microbes. 0-20 degrees c. Optimum growth temp is 15 degrees.
Found in arctic, antarctic, and ocean depths
Thermophiles ✅heat-loving microbes. General growth range 45 c to 80 c
Hyperthermophiles ✅archaea growing about 80 degrees celcius and some above 100 degrees
celcius
Mesophiles ✅those growing best between 20 degrees and 40 degrees celcius; the human
pathogens are in this group
-majority of medically significant organisms
Acidophiles ✅grow in acidic environments
Alkalinophiles ✅grow at extreme alkaline ph
Barophiles ✅can survive under extreme pressure and will rupture if exposed to normal
atmospheric pressure
Halophiles ✅"salt-loving" archaea that live in environments that have very high salt
concentrations
Aerobes ✅bacteria that require oxygen to grow
Anaerobes ✅bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen
BIOS 242 EXAM 2 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADE
Organic ✅heterotrophs are?
Heterotroph ✅•an organism that must obtain its carbon in organic form
•dependent on eating other life forms
Inorganic ✅autotrophs are?
Autotroph ✅•"self-feeder" (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis)
•uses inorganic co2 as its carbon source; builds organiccompounds from the co2
Phototroph ✅an organism that gets its energy from sunlight
Chemotrophs ✅organisms that get energy from chemical compounds
Photoautotrophs ✅capture energy from light and transform it into chemical energy that can be
used for cell metabolism
Chemoautotroph ✅•use inorganic or organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as
a carbon source
Saprobes ✅organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter
Parasites ✅an organism that lives in or on another organism, deriving nourishment at the expense
of its host, usually without killing it
Macronutrients ✅nutrients that provide calories and energy, they are required in large amounts.
Carbs, fats and proteins
Micronutrients ✅vitamins and minerals. Vital to healthy development and disease prevention
Vitamins ✅coenzymes and cofactors for optimal enzyme function
Passive transport ✅the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of
energy by the cell
Osmosis ✅diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Facilated diffusion ✅movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein
channels
, Active transport ✅energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against
a concentration difference
Isotonic solution ✅a solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of
the cell
Hypertonic solution ✅a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the
cell
Hypotonic solution ✅a solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell
Cardinal temperatures ✅the minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures at which an
organism grows
Max growth temp ✅highest temp at which growth is possible
Mini growth temp ✅lowest temp at which growth is possible
Psychrophiles ✅cold-loving microbes. 0-20 degrees c. Optimum growth temp is 15 degrees.
Found in arctic, antarctic, and ocean depths
Thermophiles ✅heat-loving microbes. General growth range 45 c to 80 c
Hyperthermophiles ✅archaea growing about 80 degrees celcius and some above 100 degrees
celcius
Mesophiles ✅those growing best between 20 degrees and 40 degrees celcius; the human
pathogens are in this group
-majority of medically significant organisms
Acidophiles ✅grow in acidic environments
Alkalinophiles ✅grow at extreme alkaline ph
Barophiles ✅can survive under extreme pressure and will rupture if exposed to normal
atmospheric pressure
Halophiles ✅"salt-loving" archaea that live in environments that have very high salt
concentrations
Aerobes ✅bacteria that require oxygen to grow
Anaerobes ✅bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen
