EBIO 2070: Genetics Exam
#2 with 100% correct
answers already graded A+
amino acid and protein structure criteria
1. all have amino group NH2
2. all have a hydrogen attached to alpha carbon
3. all have carboxyl group
4. R group differs among amino acids (another H atom, methyl group, ring
structure)
making a peptide bond
during translation, you will choose two particular amino acids and form a
covalent bond between them
polypeptide
multiple amino acids that have amino end and carboxyl end
codon
sequence of three ribonucleotides and particular amino acid it encodes
translation starts
AUG: methionine
protein coding portion of mRNA
flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions
-flanked with start codon, ends in stop codon, nucleotides thay are not
translated
open reading frame
space between start codon and stop codon
tRNA
contain an attachment site for a specific amino acid and an anticodon that
is complementary and antiparallel to one of the codons for the AA
-single stranded RNA molecules that are capable of base pairing with
themselves to form regions that are double helical
-get transcribed to form functional tRNA but do not get translated
, anticodon
stretch of three nucleotides
-complementary and antiparallel to mRNA
-has 3' end that amino acid attaches to covalently
nontemplate strand (looks like mRNA)
5' to 3'
tRNA anticodon sequence (looks like template strand)
3' to 5'
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
attaches an amino acid to its tRNA to form a charged tRNA
-a protein that attaches amino acid to tRNA and synthesizes tRNA
covalently bonded to amino acid
-protein recognizes shape of AA
roles of ribosomes
-recognize start codon
-stabilize tRNA-mRNA interactions
-peptidyl transferase activity
-move along mRNA in 5' to 3' direction
peptidyl transferase
ability to join two amino acid to begin creating a polypeptide chain
eukaryotic ribosome structure
-large and small subunits
large subunit
three different ribosomal RNAs and proteins coming together to make up
large subunit
small subunit
one ribosomal RNA + proteins coming together to form small subunit
mechanism to find start codon
-small subunit of ribosome attaches to the 5' cap and scans for a start
codon in the proper sequence context
termination of translation
a release factor (protein) binds to the stop codon, triggering the release
of the polypeptide
post transcriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs
#2 with 100% correct
answers already graded A+
amino acid and protein structure criteria
1. all have amino group NH2
2. all have a hydrogen attached to alpha carbon
3. all have carboxyl group
4. R group differs among amino acids (another H atom, methyl group, ring
structure)
making a peptide bond
during translation, you will choose two particular amino acids and form a
covalent bond between them
polypeptide
multiple amino acids that have amino end and carboxyl end
codon
sequence of three ribonucleotides and particular amino acid it encodes
translation starts
AUG: methionine
protein coding portion of mRNA
flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions
-flanked with start codon, ends in stop codon, nucleotides thay are not
translated
open reading frame
space between start codon and stop codon
tRNA
contain an attachment site for a specific amino acid and an anticodon that
is complementary and antiparallel to one of the codons for the AA
-single stranded RNA molecules that are capable of base pairing with
themselves to form regions that are double helical
-get transcribed to form functional tRNA but do not get translated
, anticodon
stretch of three nucleotides
-complementary and antiparallel to mRNA
-has 3' end that amino acid attaches to covalently
nontemplate strand (looks like mRNA)
5' to 3'
tRNA anticodon sequence (looks like template strand)
3' to 5'
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
attaches an amino acid to its tRNA to form a charged tRNA
-a protein that attaches amino acid to tRNA and synthesizes tRNA
covalently bonded to amino acid
-protein recognizes shape of AA
roles of ribosomes
-recognize start codon
-stabilize tRNA-mRNA interactions
-peptidyl transferase activity
-move along mRNA in 5' to 3' direction
peptidyl transferase
ability to join two amino acid to begin creating a polypeptide chain
eukaryotic ribosome structure
-large and small subunits
large subunit
three different ribosomal RNAs and proteins coming together to make up
large subunit
small subunit
one ribosomal RNA + proteins coming together to form small subunit
mechanism to find start codon
-small subunit of ribosome attaches to the 5' cap and scans for a start
codon in the proper sequence context
termination of translation
a release factor (protein) binds to the stop codon, triggering the release
of the polypeptide
post transcriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs
