Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base
Regulation Questions and Answers
Already Passed
What is the main role of the kidneys in fluid regulation?
✔✔ The kidneys filter blood, excrete waste, and regulate water and electrolyte balance.
How does aldosterone affect electrolyte levels?
✔✔ Aldosterone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
What is the primary role of bicarbonate in acid-base regulation?
✔✔ Bicarbonate acts as a buffer to neutralize excess hydrogen ions and maintain pH balance.
What happens when there is too much CO2 in the blood?
✔✔ Excess CO2 leads to respiratory acidosis by lowering the blood pH.
How does the body respond to metabolic acidosis?
✔✔ The body increases respiratory rate to expel CO2 and raises bicarbonate reabsorption in the
kidneys.
1
, What role does sodium play in fluid balance?
✔✔ Sodium controls osmotic pressure and water distribution between compartments.
Why is potassium important for muscle function?
✔✔ Potassium is essential for transmitting electrical signals required for muscle contractions.
What happens to blood pH during hyperventilation?
✔✔ Blood pH increases, leading to respiratory alkalosis.
How does dehydration affect electrolyte concentrations?
✔✔ Dehydration increases the concentration of electrolytes in the blood due to reduced water
volume.
What is the effect of hypocalcemia on the nervous system?
✔✔ Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, causing muscle spasms or tetany.
How do the lungs regulate acid-base balance?
2
Regulation Questions and Answers
Already Passed
What is the main role of the kidneys in fluid regulation?
✔✔ The kidneys filter blood, excrete waste, and regulate water and electrolyte balance.
How does aldosterone affect electrolyte levels?
✔✔ Aldosterone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
What is the primary role of bicarbonate in acid-base regulation?
✔✔ Bicarbonate acts as a buffer to neutralize excess hydrogen ions and maintain pH balance.
What happens when there is too much CO2 in the blood?
✔✔ Excess CO2 leads to respiratory acidosis by lowering the blood pH.
How does the body respond to metabolic acidosis?
✔✔ The body increases respiratory rate to expel CO2 and raises bicarbonate reabsorption in the
kidneys.
1
, What role does sodium play in fluid balance?
✔✔ Sodium controls osmotic pressure and water distribution between compartments.
Why is potassium important for muscle function?
✔✔ Potassium is essential for transmitting electrical signals required for muscle contractions.
What happens to blood pH during hyperventilation?
✔✔ Blood pH increases, leading to respiratory alkalosis.
How does dehydration affect electrolyte concentrations?
✔✔ Dehydration increases the concentration of electrolytes in the blood due to reduced water
volume.
What is the effect of hypocalcemia on the nervous system?
✔✔ Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, causing muscle spasms or tetany.
How do the lungs regulate acid-base balance?
2
