NURS 3280: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST #4 | 400
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+ |
NEW UPDATE 2025
nephron - ANSWER eliminated or reabsorbs K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca+, Phosphorus to
maintain electrolyte fluid balance
acid base balance - ANSWER eliminating reabsorbing H+ or HCO3-
(bicarbonate)
waste elimination - ANSWER urea, uric acid, creatinine eliminated by kidneys
RAAS, aldosterone, ADH - ANSWER control BP by retaining sodium and water
RBCs - ANSWER produced in bone marrow and stimulated to be created bc
kidneys produce erythropoietin
vitamin D - ANSWER synthesized and activated by kidneys, allowing for Ca+
absorption in GI tract
Bowman's capsule - ANSWER cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney
which encloses the glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
glomerulus - ANSWER A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in
the nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.
,proximal tubule - ANSWER In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron
immediately downstream from Bowman's capsule that conveys and helps refine
filtrate.
loop of Henle - ANSWER section of the nephron tubule that conserves water
and minimizes the volume of urine
distal tubule - ANSWER In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron that
helps refine filtrate and empties it into a collecting duct.
collecting duct - ANSWER A segment of the nephron that returns water form
the filtrate to the bloodstream.
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - ANSWER amount of renal blood filtered per
unit of time; correlated with renal perfusion and blood supply
prerenal dysfunction - ANSWER caused by anything that decreases perfusion
or blood flow to the kidneys
systemic hypotension, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemia/severe blood loss,
rupturing aortic aneurysm, or thrombus formation in renal artery - ANSWER
Causes of prerenal dysfunction
intrarenal dysfunction - ANSWER direct damage to renal tissues
,trauma, toxic agents (abx or NSAIDs), infectious agents - ANSWER Causes of
intrarenal dysfunction
postrenal dysfunction - ANSWER obstruction to urine outflow distal to kidneys
kidney stones and enlarged prostate in glands - ANSWER Causes of post renal
dysfunction
hydronephrosis - ANSWER fluid back up into kidneys that causes swelling and
urine that is toxic to nephron
acute tubular necrosis - ANSWER hypoxia and ischemia of renal tubules that
causes cells to slough and blockages that limit fluid from flowing causing reduced
urine production
acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the capillary loops of the
renal glomeruli that damages ability to excrete
-bacterial infection from pharyngitis
-ab synthesis damages glomerulus
-loss of albumin and RBCs = decreased oncotic pressure
-decreased function of kidneys due to failed GFR = OLIGURIA
-increased BP and edema** - ANSWER Pathophysiology of acute
glomerulonephritis
, edema, oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, health hx - ANSWER S/s
of acute glomerulonephritis
elevated serum creatinine and BUN, anti-streptolysin O titer** - ANSWER Dx of
acute glomerulonephritis
creatinine = 0.5-1.5 mg/dL
BUN = 5-20 mg/dL - ANSWER Normal creatinine and BUN levels
diabetic nephropathy and autoimmune diseases - ANSWER Risk factors of
nephrotic syndrome
diabetic nephropathy - ANSWER accumulation of damage to the glomerulus
capillaries due to the chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
amyloidosis - ANSWER a metabolic disorder marked by amyloid deposits in
organs and tissue
systemic lupus erythematosus - ANSWER chronic inflammatory autoimmune
condition causing damage to endothelial cells in glomerulus
massive spillage of protein and albumin into urine as basement membrane or
glomeruli can no longer filter proteins = decreased colloid oncotic pressure -
ANSWER Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+ |
NEW UPDATE 2025
nephron - ANSWER eliminated or reabsorbs K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca+, Phosphorus to
maintain electrolyte fluid balance
acid base balance - ANSWER eliminating reabsorbing H+ or HCO3-
(bicarbonate)
waste elimination - ANSWER urea, uric acid, creatinine eliminated by kidneys
RAAS, aldosterone, ADH - ANSWER control BP by retaining sodium and water
RBCs - ANSWER produced in bone marrow and stimulated to be created bc
kidneys produce erythropoietin
vitamin D - ANSWER synthesized and activated by kidneys, allowing for Ca+
absorption in GI tract
Bowman's capsule - ANSWER cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney
which encloses the glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
glomerulus - ANSWER A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in
the nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.
,proximal tubule - ANSWER In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron
immediately downstream from Bowman's capsule that conveys and helps refine
filtrate.
loop of Henle - ANSWER section of the nephron tubule that conserves water
and minimizes the volume of urine
distal tubule - ANSWER In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron that
helps refine filtrate and empties it into a collecting duct.
collecting duct - ANSWER A segment of the nephron that returns water form
the filtrate to the bloodstream.
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - ANSWER amount of renal blood filtered per
unit of time; correlated with renal perfusion and blood supply
prerenal dysfunction - ANSWER caused by anything that decreases perfusion
or blood flow to the kidneys
systemic hypotension, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemia/severe blood loss,
rupturing aortic aneurysm, or thrombus formation in renal artery - ANSWER
Causes of prerenal dysfunction
intrarenal dysfunction - ANSWER direct damage to renal tissues
,trauma, toxic agents (abx or NSAIDs), infectious agents - ANSWER Causes of
intrarenal dysfunction
postrenal dysfunction - ANSWER obstruction to urine outflow distal to kidneys
kidney stones and enlarged prostate in glands - ANSWER Causes of post renal
dysfunction
hydronephrosis - ANSWER fluid back up into kidneys that causes swelling and
urine that is toxic to nephron
acute tubular necrosis - ANSWER hypoxia and ischemia of renal tubules that
causes cells to slough and blockages that limit fluid from flowing causing reduced
urine production
acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the capillary loops of the
renal glomeruli that damages ability to excrete
-bacterial infection from pharyngitis
-ab synthesis damages glomerulus
-loss of albumin and RBCs = decreased oncotic pressure
-decreased function of kidneys due to failed GFR = OLIGURIA
-increased BP and edema** - ANSWER Pathophysiology of acute
glomerulonephritis
, edema, oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, health hx - ANSWER S/s
of acute glomerulonephritis
elevated serum creatinine and BUN, anti-streptolysin O titer** - ANSWER Dx of
acute glomerulonephritis
creatinine = 0.5-1.5 mg/dL
BUN = 5-20 mg/dL - ANSWER Normal creatinine and BUN levels
diabetic nephropathy and autoimmune diseases - ANSWER Risk factors of
nephrotic syndrome
diabetic nephropathy - ANSWER accumulation of damage to the glomerulus
capillaries due to the chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
amyloidosis - ANSWER a metabolic disorder marked by amyloid deposits in
organs and tissue
systemic lupus erythematosus - ANSWER chronic inflammatory autoimmune
condition causing damage to endothelial cells in glomerulus
massive spillage of protein and albumin into urine as basement membrane or
glomeruli can no longer filter proteins = decreased colloid oncotic pressure -
ANSWER Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome
