Ecu Patho 3280 exam 1 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+ | NEW UPDATE 2025
Etiology - ANSWER Study of what causes the dysfunction
Pathogenesis - ANSWER How the body react
Clinical manifestations - ANSWER How is the process apparent in the person?
Treatment implications - ANSWER What treatments would help return to
normal?
What is Pathophysiology? - ANSWER The study of disturbances in cell-to-cell
and cell-to-environment interactions are the basis of disease.
What are the types of cell communications? - ANSWER Synaptic
Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine
Synaptic Cell communication - ANSWER Involves nerve cells
sending neurotransmitters through the synaptic cleft to the receptors on target
cell
,Endocrine Cell Communication - ANSWER Involves cell releasing protein into
the blood to the target cell receptors
Paracrine Cell Communication - ANSWER Involves cells releasing protein into
the extracellular fluid (ECF) to surrounding cells receptors
Autocrine Cell Communication - ANSWER Involves cells releasing protein to its
own receptors
What are characteristics of the Cell Membrane? - ANSWER -possesses a double
layer of lipid molecules with carbohydrates and proteins interspersed
-Selectively semipermeable
-Restricts intracellular losses and governs intracellular entry
-Separates intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is the role of the cell membrane? - ANSWER It maintains the integrity of
the cell and guards the contents of the cell
Fat soluble v water soluble hormone on a cell membrane - ANSWER Fat
soluble: Can easily move through the membrane without a second messenger
Water soluble: Cannot easily pass through membrane and needs a secondary
messenger to connect to the receptor
What is the resting membrane potential primarily determined by? - ANSWER
The potassium equilibrium across the membrane via the sodium potassium pump
, Na v K - ANSWER Sodium: outside to in cell
Potassium: inside to out cell
Cellular Response to stress/injury - ANSWER Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
metaplasia
Dysplasia
Atrophy - ANSWER decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - ANSWER Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - ANSWER increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - ANSWER When one type of cell is replaced by another type
Dysplasia - ANSWER Disordered cells, cells that have lost normal architectural
arrangement
What are some agents of cell injury - ANSWER Oxygen deficiency
Trauma
Infectious, immune
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+ | NEW UPDATE 2025
Etiology - ANSWER Study of what causes the dysfunction
Pathogenesis - ANSWER How the body react
Clinical manifestations - ANSWER How is the process apparent in the person?
Treatment implications - ANSWER What treatments would help return to
normal?
What is Pathophysiology? - ANSWER The study of disturbances in cell-to-cell
and cell-to-environment interactions are the basis of disease.
What are the types of cell communications? - ANSWER Synaptic
Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine
Synaptic Cell communication - ANSWER Involves nerve cells
sending neurotransmitters through the synaptic cleft to the receptors on target
cell
,Endocrine Cell Communication - ANSWER Involves cell releasing protein into
the blood to the target cell receptors
Paracrine Cell Communication - ANSWER Involves cells releasing protein into
the extracellular fluid (ECF) to surrounding cells receptors
Autocrine Cell Communication - ANSWER Involves cells releasing protein to its
own receptors
What are characteristics of the Cell Membrane? - ANSWER -possesses a double
layer of lipid molecules with carbohydrates and proteins interspersed
-Selectively semipermeable
-Restricts intracellular losses and governs intracellular entry
-Separates intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is the role of the cell membrane? - ANSWER It maintains the integrity of
the cell and guards the contents of the cell
Fat soluble v water soluble hormone on a cell membrane - ANSWER Fat
soluble: Can easily move through the membrane without a second messenger
Water soluble: Cannot easily pass through membrane and needs a secondary
messenger to connect to the receptor
What is the resting membrane potential primarily determined by? - ANSWER
The potassium equilibrium across the membrane via the sodium potassium pump
, Na v K - ANSWER Sodium: outside to in cell
Potassium: inside to out cell
Cellular Response to stress/injury - ANSWER Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
metaplasia
Dysplasia
Atrophy - ANSWER decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - ANSWER Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - ANSWER increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - ANSWER When one type of cell is replaced by another type
Dysplasia - ANSWER Disordered cells, cells that have lost normal architectural
arrangement
What are some agents of cell injury - ANSWER Oxygen deficiency
Trauma
Infectious, immune
