AHN 447 Exam 3 Practice Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What MAP is required for adequate flow? - ANSWER✔✔-at least 60
mmHg
What do baroreceptors do? - ANSWER✔✔-they're stimulated with
elevated BP; drop BP
What do chemoreceptors do? - ANSWER✔✔-sensitive to hypoxia;
increases vasoconstriction to increase perfusion
What happens to the heart as one ages? - ANSWER✔✔-- valves thicken
adn stiffen
- coronary arteries become harder and thicker
What happens to the blood vessels as one ages? - ANSWER✔✔--
thicken/stiffen
- slow exchange of nutrients from blood and tissues
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,What happens to the blood as one ages? - ANSWER✔✔-- blood volume
increases
- decrease in bone marrow production of RBC (decrease in H&H)
What is considered orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWER✔✔-systolic drop
of 20 mmHg or diastolic drom of 10 mmHg with 10-20% increase in HR
What is the difference between S1 and S2? - ANSWER✔✔-S1
- closure of AV valves
- best heard at the apex
- ventricular systole
S2
- closure of PV/AV
- best heard at the base
- diastole
What is the difference between S3 and S4? - ANSWER✔✔-S3
- faily normal under 35
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,- ventricular gallop
- early sign on HF
S4
- atrial gallop
- HTN, MI, Aortic or pulmonic stenosis
turbulent blood flow across the valves - ANSWER✔✔-
What is the "gold standard" fro diagnostics of cardiac damage and why? -
ANSWER✔✔-Troponin 1; released with any myocardial damage; any
troponin is abnormal and should be treated as a cardiac event
Why is CK-mb not reliable for diagnosing cardiac issues? - ANSWER✔✔-
can give a false positive because it can be found in multiple places
What are normal total cholesterol levels? - ANSWER✔✔-less than 200
What are normal HDL levels? - ANSWER✔✔-greater than 45 in men and
greater than 55 in women
What are normal LDL levels? - ANSWER✔✔-less than 130
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, What are normal Triglyceride levels? - ANSWER✔✔-less than 160 in men
and less than 135 in women
What should you inform your pt about before a heart cath? - ANSWER✔✔-
may have palpitations; may feel hot
What are the two types of left-sided heart failure? - ANSWER✔✔-systolic
HF and diastolic HF
loss of ability to contract forcefully - ANSWER✔✔-systolic heart failure
loss of ventricular wall compliance; cant' adequately fill - ANSWER✔✔-
diastolic heart failure
RV doesn't empty completely and "backs up" into venous system causing
peripheral edema - ANSWER✔✔-right-sided heart failure
What are the clinical manifestations of left-sisded HF? - ANSWER✔✔-
Manifestations of pulmonary congestions:
- cough, worse at night (ask how many pillows they sleep with)
- dyspnea
- crackles and wheezing
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and Answers 100% Pass
What MAP is required for adequate flow? - ANSWER✔✔-at least 60
mmHg
What do baroreceptors do? - ANSWER✔✔-they're stimulated with
elevated BP; drop BP
What do chemoreceptors do? - ANSWER✔✔-sensitive to hypoxia;
increases vasoconstriction to increase perfusion
What happens to the heart as one ages? - ANSWER✔✔-- valves thicken
adn stiffen
- coronary arteries become harder and thicker
What happens to the blood vessels as one ages? - ANSWER✔✔--
thicken/stiffen
- slow exchange of nutrients from blood and tissues
Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/36
,What happens to the blood as one ages? - ANSWER✔✔-- blood volume
increases
- decrease in bone marrow production of RBC (decrease in H&H)
What is considered orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWER✔✔-systolic drop
of 20 mmHg or diastolic drom of 10 mmHg with 10-20% increase in HR
What is the difference between S1 and S2? - ANSWER✔✔-S1
- closure of AV valves
- best heard at the apex
- ventricular systole
S2
- closure of PV/AV
- best heard at the base
- diastole
What is the difference between S3 and S4? - ANSWER✔✔-S3
- faily normal under 35
Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/36
,- ventricular gallop
- early sign on HF
S4
- atrial gallop
- HTN, MI, Aortic or pulmonic stenosis
turbulent blood flow across the valves - ANSWER✔✔-
What is the "gold standard" fro diagnostics of cardiac damage and why? -
ANSWER✔✔-Troponin 1; released with any myocardial damage; any
troponin is abnormal and should be treated as a cardiac event
Why is CK-mb not reliable for diagnosing cardiac issues? - ANSWER✔✔-
can give a false positive because it can be found in multiple places
What are normal total cholesterol levels? - ANSWER✔✔-less than 200
What are normal HDL levels? - ANSWER✔✔-greater than 45 in men and
greater than 55 in women
What are normal LDL levels? - ANSWER✔✔-less than 130
Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/36
, What are normal Triglyceride levels? - ANSWER✔✔-less than 160 in men
and less than 135 in women
What should you inform your pt about before a heart cath? - ANSWER✔✔-
may have palpitations; may feel hot
What are the two types of left-sided heart failure? - ANSWER✔✔-systolic
HF and diastolic HF
loss of ability to contract forcefully - ANSWER✔✔-systolic heart failure
loss of ventricular wall compliance; cant' adequately fill - ANSWER✔✔-
diastolic heart failure
RV doesn't empty completely and "backs up" into venous system causing
peripheral edema - ANSWER✔✔-right-sided heart failure
What are the clinical manifestations of left-sisded HF? - ANSWER✔✔-
Manifestations of pulmonary congestions:
- cough, worse at night (ask how many pillows they sleep with)
- dyspnea
- crackles and wheezing
Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4/36
