GLPH 271: Module 2 questions well
answered to pass
WHAT IS EPIDEMIOLOGY - correct answer ✔✔Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and
determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to
the control of diseases and other health problems.
DATA SELECTION AND DATA USE for indigenous - correct answer ✔✔Often, the epidemiological data
collected on minority groups, such as Indigenous Peoples of Canada, comes from a place of colonization
For example, data registries and databases will often identify Indigenous Peoples through the use of the
Indian Registry
For Indigenous Peoples in Canada, there are two conditions for reaching data sovereignty;
1. the decolonization of data,
2. Indigenous data governance.
DECOLONIZATION OF DATA - correct answer ✔✔-Although data that is collected is sometimes used to
benefit Indigenous communities, we must recognize that it is often collected through a colonial
framework
-five categories, or "five D's", of the colonization of Indigenous data. These include: disparity,
depravation, disadvantage, dysfunction, and difference.
-often used to classify Indigenous populations as "problematic" and in need of help.
-especially harmful as this data can be used to rationalize dispossession and the marginalization of
specific communities
-INDIGENOUS DATA GOVERNANCE - correct answer ✔✔-in Canada there are many cases of Indigenous
governance over data; for example, O C A P.
-WHAT IS PREVALENCE - correct answer ✔✔-prevalence of a disease tells us about the number of
existing cases of that disease in a given population
-measure can be representative of a specific point in time, referred to as point prevalence
, -indicative of a period of time, referred to as period prevalence
-POINT PREVALENCE - correct answer ✔✔-Point prevalence is a measure of the proportion of the
population that has a certain disease at a specific point in time.
-in global health research, the use of point prevalence is rare
-it may require six months to survey a region of Somalia and determine the number of existing cases of
tuberculosis, in which case period prevalence must be used.
-PERIOD PREVALENCE - correct answer ✔✔-proportion of the population that has a certain disease over
a defined period of time
-Period Prevalence = # of cases at a period of time / average population during that period of time
-INCIDENCE? - correct answer ✔✔-Incidence measures how quickly new cases of a disease arise in a
population over a defined period of time.
-Incidence is also a measure of risk
-incidence of pop A / incidence of pop B is risk
-CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE (OR INCIDENCE PROPORTION - correct answer ✔✔-While prevalence is a
measure of the proportion of the population who have the disease, cumulative incidence is a measure of
the proportion of the population who develop the disease over a period of time.
-Cumulative incidence is a measure of risk
-Cumulative Incidence = # of new cases of a disease over a time period / total population at risk
-Total population at risk excludes individuals who already have the disease or who are incapable of
developing the disease. It is calculated by the equation:
-(total population) - (# of existing cases)
-INCIDENCE DENSITY RATE (OR PERSON-TIME Incidence Rate) - correct answer ✔✔-the incidence rate (I
R) focuses on the length of time people were at risk of disease
-Incidence rate is also sometimes referred to as incidence density
-Incidence Rate = # of people who develop the disease / # of person-years at risk of disease
answered to pass
WHAT IS EPIDEMIOLOGY - correct answer ✔✔Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and
determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to
the control of diseases and other health problems.
DATA SELECTION AND DATA USE for indigenous - correct answer ✔✔Often, the epidemiological data
collected on minority groups, such as Indigenous Peoples of Canada, comes from a place of colonization
For example, data registries and databases will often identify Indigenous Peoples through the use of the
Indian Registry
For Indigenous Peoples in Canada, there are two conditions for reaching data sovereignty;
1. the decolonization of data,
2. Indigenous data governance.
DECOLONIZATION OF DATA - correct answer ✔✔-Although data that is collected is sometimes used to
benefit Indigenous communities, we must recognize that it is often collected through a colonial
framework
-five categories, or "five D's", of the colonization of Indigenous data. These include: disparity,
depravation, disadvantage, dysfunction, and difference.
-often used to classify Indigenous populations as "problematic" and in need of help.
-especially harmful as this data can be used to rationalize dispossession and the marginalization of
specific communities
-INDIGENOUS DATA GOVERNANCE - correct answer ✔✔-in Canada there are many cases of Indigenous
governance over data; for example, O C A P.
-WHAT IS PREVALENCE - correct answer ✔✔-prevalence of a disease tells us about the number of
existing cases of that disease in a given population
-measure can be representative of a specific point in time, referred to as point prevalence
, -indicative of a period of time, referred to as period prevalence
-POINT PREVALENCE - correct answer ✔✔-Point prevalence is a measure of the proportion of the
population that has a certain disease at a specific point in time.
-in global health research, the use of point prevalence is rare
-it may require six months to survey a region of Somalia and determine the number of existing cases of
tuberculosis, in which case period prevalence must be used.
-PERIOD PREVALENCE - correct answer ✔✔-proportion of the population that has a certain disease over
a defined period of time
-Period Prevalence = # of cases at a period of time / average population during that period of time
-INCIDENCE? - correct answer ✔✔-Incidence measures how quickly new cases of a disease arise in a
population over a defined period of time.
-Incidence is also a measure of risk
-incidence of pop A / incidence of pop B is risk
-CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE (OR INCIDENCE PROPORTION - correct answer ✔✔-While prevalence is a
measure of the proportion of the population who have the disease, cumulative incidence is a measure of
the proportion of the population who develop the disease over a period of time.
-Cumulative incidence is a measure of risk
-Cumulative Incidence = # of new cases of a disease over a time period / total population at risk
-Total population at risk excludes individuals who already have the disease or who are incapable of
developing the disease. It is calculated by the equation:
-(total population) - (# of existing cases)
-INCIDENCE DENSITY RATE (OR PERSON-TIME Incidence Rate) - correct answer ✔✔-the incidence rate (I
R) focuses on the length of time people were at risk of disease
-Incidence rate is also sometimes referred to as incidence density
-Incidence Rate = # of people who develop the disease / # of person-years at risk of disease
