Anatomy - ANSWER studies the structure of body parts and how they relate to
one another
Gross Anatomy - ANSWER study of large structures
surface anatomy - ANSWER studies structures as they relate to the surface
cytology - ANSWER study of cells
histology - ANSWER study of tissues
embryology - ANSWER studies developmental changes that occur before birth
chemical level - ANSWER atoms form to combine molecules
tissues - ANSWER groups of similar cells that have a common function
cellular level - ANSWER cells are made up of molecules
organ level - ANSWER organs are made up of different types of tissues
homeostasis - ANSWER point of dynamic (changing) equilibrium; body's
ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite ever changing
conditions
set point - ANSWER level/range of "normal" for whatever variable is being
considered
ex: blood glucose levels
receptor - ANSWER sensor that monitors environment and responds to
changes by sending information to the control center
control center - ANSWER determines set point; analyzes input and determines
appropriate response
, effector - ANSWER provides means for control center's response to the
stimulus
What is the correct order of the components of the loops for homeostasis? -
ANSWER stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent
pathway, effector, response
Negative feedback - ANSWER once stimulus occurs, and the control center
and effector return the body to the normal position, stimuli stop as to not over-
fix the problem
ex: blood glucose-once glucose levels return to normal, the stimulus for either
raising blood glucose or lowering it ends
Negative feedback is the most common occurrance of homeostatic balancing
Positive feedback - ANSWER happens in infrequent events that don't need
continual adjustment
ex: giving birth-oxytocin is released which causes contractions to intensify,
causing more oxytocin to be released, causing baby to eventually be expelled.
Once baby is born, the stimulus for oxytocin to be released is shut off
neural (nervous system control) - ANSWER quick, short lived, electrical
signals
ex: allows you to get out of the way of danger quickly
hormonal (endocrine control) - ANSWER chemicals sent out in blood stream;
slower process that takes multiple steps; effects are more widespread and longer
lasting because as long as the hormones are in the bloodstream, they affect the
body
ex: growth, reproductive capability
axial - ANSWER makes up main axis of body, includes head, neck, and trunk
appendicular - ANSWER consists of appendages/limbs of body
superior (cranial) - ANSWER toward the head/upper end of body
one another
Gross Anatomy - ANSWER study of large structures
surface anatomy - ANSWER studies structures as they relate to the surface
cytology - ANSWER study of cells
histology - ANSWER study of tissues
embryology - ANSWER studies developmental changes that occur before birth
chemical level - ANSWER atoms form to combine molecules
tissues - ANSWER groups of similar cells that have a common function
cellular level - ANSWER cells are made up of molecules
organ level - ANSWER organs are made up of different types of tissues
homeostasis - ANSWER point of dynamic (changing) equilibrium; body's
ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite ever changing
conditions
set point - ANSWER level/range of "normal" for whatever variable is being
considered
ex: blood glucose levels
receptor - ANSWER sensor that monitors environment and responds to
changes by sending information to the control center
control center - ANSWER determines set point; analyzes input and determines
appropriate response
, effector - ANSWER provides means for control center's response to the
stimulus
What is the correct order of the components of the loops for homeostasis? -
ANSWER stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent
pathway, effector, response
Negative feedback - ANSWER once stimulus occurs, and the control center
and effector return the body to the normal position, stimuli stop as to not over-
fix the problem
ex: blood glucose-once glucose levels return to normal, the stimulus for either
raising blood glucose or lowering it ends
Negative feedback is the most common occurrance of homeostatic balancing
Positive feedback - ANSWER happens in infrequent events that don't need
continual adjustment
ex: giving birth-oxytocin is released which causes contractions to intensify,
causing more oxytocin to be released, causing baby to eventually be expelled.
Once baby is born, the stimulus for oxytocin to be released is shut off
neural (nervous system control) - ANSWER quick, short lived, electrical
signals
ex: allows you to get out of the way of danger quickly
hormonal (endocrine control) - ANSWER chemicals sent out in blood stream;
slower process that takes multiple steps; effects are more widespread and longer
lasting because as long as the hormones are in the bloodstream, they affect the
body
ex: growth, reproductive capability
axial - ANSWER makes up main axis of body, includes head, neck, and trunk
appendicular - ANSWER consists of appendages/limbs of body
superior (cranial) - ANSWER toward the head/upper end of body
