WGU BIOCHEMISTRY OA EXAM
2023 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(GRADED A)
RNA - Answer--plays "messenger"
-in & outside nucleus
-ribose
-Adenine, Uracil, Guarine, Cytosine
-mRNA=messenger (takes message to ribosome)
-rRNA=ribosomal RNA
-tRNA=transfers amino acids
Transcription - Answer--comes first! Transcribes DNA into message.
(RNA polymerase will connect complementary bases. mRNA can go out of nucleus to
attach to ribosome of rRNA)
How do rising blood CO2 levels promote the deoxygenated confirmation of hemoglobin?
- Answer-CO2 reacts with H2O in the blood & decreases pH, which promotes the dome
confirmation of the heme group.
How does hemoglobin keep blood pH neutral during exercise? - Answer-Deoxygenated
hemoglobin binds to excess H+
What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin saturated with
oxygen increases? - Answer-The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.
Translation - Answer--2nd step
-builds protein
(tRNA leaves behind its amino acid, built chain of amino acids)
Factors that favor the oxygenated form of hemoglobin: - Answer--increased pH
-decreased CO2
Which metal ion is bound to the porphyrin ring in hemoglobin? - Answer-Iron
Which feature of hemoglobin makes it an effective O2 transport molecule? - Answer-It's
affinity for O2 is regulated by pH.
What is a temporary modification to protein structure by kinases that alters enzyme
function? - Answer-Phosphorylation
, Which type of inhibition occurs when a particular drug binds to the allosteric site of an
enzyme and subsequently changes the enzyme's structure? - Answer-Noncompetitive
Proteases - Answer--a class of enzymes
-hydrolyze protein strands into smaller units
-increase pH= significant decrease in protease activity
How do the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions compare to those of corresponding
uncatalyzed reactions? - Answer-They are 10^6 to 10^12 times faster.
Which change will likely increase the activity of an enzyme currently at optimal
conditions? - Answer-Significantly increasing substrate concentrations
What occurs immediately after the appropriate molecule enters the active site of the
enzyme? - Answer-The enzyme binds to the molecule to form an enzyme molecule
complex.
Are enzymes specific? - Answer-Yes
What process is disrupted after a patient invests excessive antacid that neutralizes the
pH of the stomach? - Answer-Protein catabolism
In Alzheimer's patients, which biochemical event is responsible for their behavior? -
Answer-Protein aggregation
In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease state? - Answer-A
mutation aconitase blocks essential step in aerobic metabolism
Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein? -
Answer-Hydrophobic effect
Quaternary structure - Answer-Large, functional protein structure composed or smaller
proteins with multiple subunits.
Primary - Answer-Level of protein structure established through the dehydration
synthesis of peptide bonds
Describe the protein gradient of the proton that during aerobic metabolism. - Answer-
There is a higher H+ concentration in the inter membrane space than in the matrix.
Which complex polysaccharide acts as an energy storing molecule in the liver? -
Answer-Glycogen
How does insulin impact carbohydrate metabolism? - Answer-It stimulates the uptake of
glucose from the blood by cells in the body.
2023 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(GRADED A)
RNA - Answer--plays "messenger"
-in & outside nucleus
-ribose
-Adenine, Uracil, Guarine, Cytosine
-mRNA=messenger (takes message to ribosome)
-rRNA=ribosomal RNA
-tRNA=transfers amino acids
Transcription - Answer--comes first! Transcribes DNA into message.
(RNA polymerase will connect complementary bases. mRNA can go out of nucleus to
attach to ribosome of rRNA)
How do rising blood CO2 levels promote the deoxygenated confirmation of hemoglobin?
- Answer-CO2 reacts with H2O in the blood & decreases pH, which promotes the dome
confirmation of the heme group.
How does hemoglobin keep blood pH neutral during exercise? - Answer-Deoxygenated
hemoglobin binds to excess H+
What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin saturated with
oxygen increases? - Answer-The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.
Translation - Answer--2nd step
-builds protein
(tRNA leaves behind its amino acid, built chain of amino acids)
Factors that favor the oxygenated form of hemoglobin: - Answer--increased pH
-decreased CO2
Which metal ion is bound to the porphyrin ring in hemoglobin? - Answer-Iron
Which feature of hemoglobin makes it an effective O2 transport molecule? - Answer-It's
affinity for O2 is regulated by pH.
What is a temporary modification to protein structure by kinases that alters enzyme
function? - Answer-Phosphorylation
, Which type of inhibition occurs when a particular drug binds to the allosteric site of an
enzyme and subsequently changes the enzyme's structure? - Answer-Noncompetitive
Proteases - Answer--a class of enzymes
-hydrolyze protein strands into smaller units
-increase pH= significant decrease in protease activity
How do the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions compare to those of corresponding
uncatalyzed reactions? - Answer-They are 10^6 to 10^12 times faster.
Which change will likely increase the activity of an enzyme currently at optimal
conditions? - Answer-Significantly increasing substrate concentrations
What occurs immediately after the appropriate molecule enters the active site of the
enzyme? - Answer-The enzyme binds to the molecule to form an enzyme molecule
complex.
Are enzymes specific? - Answer-Yes
What process is disrupted after a patient invests excessive antacid that neutralizes the
pH of the stomach? - Answer-Protein catabolism
In Alzheimer's patients, which biochemical event is responsible for their behavior? -
Answer-Protein aggregation
In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease state? - Answer-A
mutation aconitase blocks essential step in aerobic metabolism
Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein? -
Answer-Hydrophobic effect
Quaternary structure - Answer-Large, functional protein structure composed or smaller
proteins with multiple subunits.
Primary - Answer-Level of protein structure established through the dehydration
synthesis of peptide bonds
Describe the protein gradient of the proton that during aerobic metabolism. - Answer-
There is a higher H+ concentration in the inter membrane space than in the matrix.
Which complex polysaccharide acts as an energy storing molecule in the liver? -
Answer-Glycogen
How does insulin impact carbohydrate metabolism? - Answer-It stimulates the uptake of
glucose from the blood by cells in the body.
