NCTJ Media Law & Regulation UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Custom - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An ancient rule of law for a particular locality.
Precedent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rulings established by judges that apply to common
law cases.
Statute - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Simply, Acts of Parliament.
European Convention on Human Rights - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Formed after the
WWII to promote individual freedom, political liberty and rule of law.
Article 10 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Part of the ECHR which establishes right to freedom
of expression, the right to receive and impart ideas without interference by public authority."
Article 8 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Part of the ECHR, seen as opposite to Article 10, by
establishing right to respect for private and family life.
Criminal law - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A division of law concerning offences which can
be committed 'against everyone' - murder, etc.
Civil cases - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A division of law concerning disputes between
individuals/organisations - known as torts.
Beyond all 'reasonable doubt' - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The requirement for a conviction
in a criminal trial.
Balance of probabilities - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The standard of proof - or whose case
is most persuasive - when deciding a civil case.
, Tort - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A civil wrong for which a court may award damages to the
claimant, which may be monetary.
County Court - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Deals with most civil cases, and can be combined
- Magistrates' and tribunal venues etc.
The High Court - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Deals with most serious or complex civil cases.
Also an appeal court in civil law.
'Indictable-only' offence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The most serious type of offence,
punishable by longest prison terms, e.g. murder, rap.
'Either-way' offence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Includes offences such as, theft, sexual
assault and can be heard by either Magistrates or progressed to Crown Court. Less serious
than indictable-only, but still distressing.
'Summary' offence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Comparatively minor offences, including
common assault or speeding. Dealt with my Magistrates' courts unless defendant is facing
indictable-only charges. No jury trial.
'Summary proceedings' - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hearings in which Magistrates try to
sentence defendants.
Supreme Court - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hears appeals of 'greatest public importance',
e.g. ruling on interpretation on policy wording for Covid-19 insurance policies.
Queen's Bench Division - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A defendant convicted by Magistrates
who has appealed unsuccessful to Crown Court, can appeal to QBD on grounds decision is
wrong in law.
Charge - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Formal accusation, giving alleged offence basic details
of alleged crime. Might include: date, place, details. Proceedings active when charged.
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Custom - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An ancient rule of law for a particular locality.
Precedent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Rulings established by judges that apply to common
law cases.
Statute - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Simply, Acts of Parliament.
European Convention on Human Rights - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Formed after the
WWII to promote individual freedom, political liberty and rule of law.
Article 10 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Part of the ECHR which establishes right to freedom
of expression, the right to receive and impart ideas without interference by public authority."
Article 8 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Part of the ECHR, seen as opposite to Article 10, by
establishing right to respect for private and family life.
Criminal law - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A division of law concerning offences which can
be committed 'against everyone' - murder, etc.
Civil cases - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A division of law concerning disputes between
individuals/organisations - known as torts.
Beyond all 'reasonable doubt' - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The requirement for a conviction
in a criminal trial.
Balance of probabilities - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The standard of proof - or whose case
is most persuasive - when deciding a civil case.
, Tort - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A civil wrong for which a court may award damages to the
claimant, which may be monetary.
County Court - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Deals with most civil cases, and can be combined
- Magistrates' and tribunal venues etc.
The High Court - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Deals with most serious or complex civil cases.
Also an appeal court in civil law.
'Indictable-only' offence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The most serious type of offence,
punishable by longest prison terms, e.g. murder, rap.
'Either-way' offence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Includes offences such as, theft, sexual
assault and can be heard by either Magistrates or progressed to Crown Court. Less serious
than indictable-only, but still distressing.
'Summary' offence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Comparatively minor offences, including
common assault or speeding. Dealt with my Magistrates' courts unless defendant is facing
indictable-only charges. No jury trial.
'Summary proceedings' - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hearings in which Magistrates try to
sentence defendants.
Supreme Court - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hears appeals of 'greatest public importance',
e.g. ruling on interpretation on policy wording for Covid-19 insurance policies.
Queen's Bench Division - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A defendant convicted by Magistrates
who has appealed unsuccessful to Crown Court, can appeal to QBD on grounds decision is
wrong in law.
Charge - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Formal accusation, giving alleged offence basic details
of alleged crime. Might include: date, place, details. Proceedings active when charged.
