Solution Manual For
Biological Anthropology The Natural History of Humankind, 2025 5th Edition
Craig Stanford John S. Allen Susan C. Anton
Chapter 1-17
Chapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What was the result of the ―Scopes Monkey Trial‖?
a. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and lost his job
b. The state of Tennessee was forced to allow the teaching of evolution in the classroom
c. Evolution was disproved
d. Scopes was found innocent
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: Chapter Opener
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
2. Science is a(n) __________, not a
a. result; process
b. process; method
c. process; result
d. observation; hypothesis
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
3. Which of the following is a step in the scientific method?
a. Experimentation
b. Verification
c. Dissemination
d. Identification
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
20
,4. What is the difference between a deduction and a hypothesis?
a. A hypothesis is more accurate than a deduction
b. A deduction is a conclusion whereas a hypothesis is a preliminary explanation
c. A deduction cannot be disproven but a hypothesis can
d. Scientists work much more with hypotheses than with deductions
Correct Answer: b
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
5. What does Science is an empirical process mean?
a. Body of knowledge
b. Based on the hypothesis
c. Based on knowledge gained through observation
d. Falsifiable
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
6. According to the scientific method, what is the first step scientist should take when they have a
question about a natural phenomenon?
a. Perform an experiment
b. Develop a hypothesis
c. Analyze their data
d. Assess a paradigm
Correct Answer: b
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
7. Scientific hypotheses are
a. derived from a nonempirical process
b. rarely tested
c. always assumed to be true
d. falsifiable
Correct Answer: d
21
,Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What is Science?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
8. Why do scientists avoid saying that a hypothesis is ―proven‖?
a. New data could falsify hypotheses or theories
b. Scientists are worried about their reputations
c. Only scientific laws and paradigms can be proven
d. It takes too much work to ―prove‖ something, so it rarely occurs in science
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
9. Aristotle believed in the immutability of species. This means he felt that species
a. are always changing
b. change only when it is possible
c. are fixed and unchanging
d. change sporadically and unpredictably
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
10. Which of the following is consistent with Aristotle’s ideas about nature?
a. The Earth is constantly changing
b. Changes to the environment will cause animals to evolve
c. All life is arranged in an orderly and hierarchical fashion
d. Humans evolved over millions of years
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
11. During the Middle Ages, most people believed that the Earth
a. was constantly changing
b. was unchanged since its formation
22
, c. was formed billions of years ago
d. had experienced several mass extinction events
Correct Answer: b
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
12. The dominant belief system during the European Middle Ages was based on
a. science
b. falsifiability
c. theology
d. empirical experimentation
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
13. The main contribution of Renaissance artists Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius was
their
a. study of the stars and planets
b. discovery of the Americas
c. ideas about polygenism
d. anatomical drawings
Correct Answer: d
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
14. With the circumnavigation of the globe, Renaissance scholars developed a strong sense of
a. biological and cultural variation
b. the fixity of species
c. humanity’s inferiority in nature
d. monogenism
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
23
Biological Anthropology The Natural History of Humankind, 2025 5th Edition
Craig Stanford John S. Allen Susan C. Anton
Chapter 1-17
Chapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What was the result of the ―Scopes Monkey Trial‖?
a. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and lost his job
b. The state of Tennessee was forced to allow the teaching of evolution in the classroom
c. Evolution was disproved
d. Scopes was found innocent
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: Chapter Opener
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
2. Science is a(n) __________, not a
a. result; process
b. process; method
c. process; result
d. observation; hypothesis
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
3. Which of the following is a step in the scientific method?
a. Experimentation
b. Verification
c. Dissemination
d. Identification
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
20
,4. What is the difference between a deduction and a hypothesis?
a. A hypothesis is more accurate than a deduction
b. A deduction is a conclusion whereas a hypothesis is a preliminary explanation
c. A deduction cannot be disproven but a hypothesis can
d. Scientists work much more with hypotheses than with deductions
Correct Answer: b
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
5. What does Science is an empirical process mean?
a. Body of knowledge
b. Based on the hypothesis
c. Based on knowledge gained through observation
d. Falsifiable
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
6. According to the scientific method, what is the first step scientist should take when they have a
question about a natural phenomenon?
a. Perform an experiment
b. Develop a hypothesis
c. Analyze their data
d. Assess a paradigm
Correct Answer: b
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What Is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
7. Scientific hypotheses are
a. derived from a nonempirical process
b. rarely tested
c. always assumed to be true
d. falsifiable
Correct Answer: d
21
,Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What is Science?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
8. Why do scientists avoid saying that a hypothesis is ―proven‖?
a. New data could falsify hypotheses or theories
b. Scientists are worried about their reputations
c. Only scientific laws and paradigms can be proven
d. It takes too much work to ―prove‖ something, so it rarely occurs in science
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how science differs from other ways of understanding the
world.
Topic: What is Science?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
9. Aristotle believed in the immutability of species. This means he felt that species
a. are always changing
b. change only when it is possible
c. are fixed and unchanging
d. change sporadically and unpredictably
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
10. Which of the following is consistent with Aristotle’s ideas about nature?
a. The Earth is constantly changing
b. Changes to the environment will cause animals to evolve
c. All life is arranged in an orderly and hierarchical fashion
d. Humans evolved over millions of years
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
11. During the Middle Ages, most people believed that the Earth
a. was constantly changing
b. was unchanged since its formation
22
, c. was formed billions of years ago
d. had experienced several mass extinction events
Correct Answer: b
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
12. The dominant belief system during the European Middle Ages was based on
a. science
b. falsifiability
c. theology
d. empirical experimentation
Correct Answer: c
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
13. The main contribution of Renaissance artists Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius was
their
a. study of the stars and planets
b. discovery of the Americas
c. ideas about polygenism
d. anatomical drawings
Correct Answer: d
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
14. With the circumnavigation of the globe, Renaissance scholars developed a strong sense of
a. biological and cultural variation
b. the fixity of species
c. humanity’s inferiority in nature
d. monogenism
Correct Answer: a
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the contributions of the earliest scholars before Darwin to the
development of evolutionary theory.
Topic: The Early Thinkers
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
23
