NR507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
________ % of cancers are linked to hereditiy - answer-5-10%
2 types of inflammation - answer-acute - <2 wks
chronic - >2 wks
adenocarcinoma - answer-ductal or glandular tissue cancer
aerobic metabolism - answer-The cellular process in which oxygen is used to
metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal
waste products.
Amplification - answer-occurs when a protooncogene occurs in one cell more
than normal resulting in accelerated growth of abnormal cells
Anabolism - answer-Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring
energy.
anaerobic metabolism - answer-The metabolism that takes place in the absence
of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.
anaplasia - answer-loss of differentiation and function of cells; reversion to a
more primitive cell type
Angiogenesis - answer-formation of new blood vessels
Antigen - answer-large molecules that are foreign to the host
apoptosis - answer-process of programmed cell death
BCR and what are they? - answer-B cell receptor - antibodies
bengin tumor - answer-Cells in the mass that remain together and do not spread
from the area of local growth
cancer dormancy - answer-metastasized cells may remain quiescent for 5+
years then become metabolically active again for reoccurrence of disease
Carcinogenesis - answer-the process of tumor development
carcinoma - answer-epithelial cells of organ surfaces and linings cancer
carcinoma in situ - answer-a malignant tumor in its original position that has not
yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
catabolism - answer-Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing
energy.
cellular metabolism - answer-all of the chemical reactions that are part of
maintaining cellular function
, chemical secretion - answer-cells secrete chemicals into the bloodstream
Chemicals secreted by cells - answer-hormones
neurotransmitters
cytokines
Chemotaxis - answer-Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus in the direction of the Ag
chromosomal translocation - answer-Material is swapped with another
chromosome
clonal diversity - answer-the ability of B and T cells to recognize over 100 million
different Ag
clonal selection - answer-the T or B cell specific to the antigen clones itself and
the clones diversify into different types of T cells
DAMP - answer-damage-associated molecular pattern - proteins that are released
from human cells when they are damaged
Diapedesis - answer-passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through
intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue
Differentiation - answer-process in which cells become specialized in structure
and function
EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) can lead to ________ - answer-lymphoma
Endogenous antigens - answer-antigens produced by microbes or from genetic
mutation that multiply inside the cells of the body
Examples of haptens - answer-peanuts, dairy, shelfish, poision ivy, medications
exogenous antigens - answer-foreign material remaining after phagocytic
digestion of bacteria or other Ag
First line of immunity - answer-intact skin and mucous membranes
G0 (quiescent phase) - answer-the cell is resting, nondividing, inactive.
G1 (preparatory phase) - answer-in response to a stimuli, stem cells start to
become metabolically active
G2 phase of interphase - answer-Last phase of interphase in which cell
organelles are duplicated in preparation for cell division
gap junction - answer-A type of intercellular junction in animals that allows the
passage of materials between cells.
hapten - answer-small molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an
antigen
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
________ % of cancers are linked to hereditiy - answer-5-10%
2 types of inflammation - answer-acute - <2 wks
chronic - >2 wks
adenocarcinoma - answer-ductal or glandular tissue cancer
aerobic metabolism - answer-The cellular process in which oxygen is used to
metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal
waste products.
Amplification - answer-occurs when a protooncogene occurs in one cell more
than normal resulting in accelerated growth of abnormal cells
Anabolism - answer-Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring
energy.
anaerobic metabolism - answer-The metabolism that takes place in the absence
of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.
anaplasia - answer-loss of differentiation and function of cells; reversion to a
more primitive cell type
Angiogenesis - answer-formation of new blood vessels
Antigen - answer-large molecules that are foreign to the host
apoptosis - answer-process of programmed cell death
BCR and what are they? - answer-B cell receptor - antibodies
bengin tumor - answer-Cells in the mass that remain together and do not spread
from the area of local growth
cancer dormancy - answer-metastasized cells may remain quiescent for 5+
years then become metabolically active again for reoccurrence of disease
Carcinogenesis - answer-the process of tumor development
carcinoma - answer-epithelial cells of organ surfaces and linings cancer
carcinoma in situ - answer-a malignant tumor in its original position that has not
yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
catabolism - answer-Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing
energy.
cellular metabolism - answer-all of the chemical reactions that are part of
maintaining cellular function
, chemical secretion - answer-cells secrete chemicals into the bloodstream
Chemicals secreted by cells - answer-hormones
neurotransmitters
cytokines
Chemotaxis - answer-Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus in the direction of the Ag
chromosomal translocation - answer-Material is swapped with another
chromosome
clonal diversity - answer-the ability of B and T cells to recognize over 100 million
different Ag
clonal selection - answer-the T or B cell specific to the antigen clones itself and
the clones diversify into different types of T cells
DAMP - answer-damage-associated molecular pattern - proteins that are released
from human cells when they are damaged
Diapedesis - answer-passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through
intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue
Differentiation - answer-process in which cells become specialized in structure
and function
EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) can lead to ________ - answer-lymphoma
Endogenous antigens - answer-antigens produced by microbes or from genetic
mutation that multiply inside the cells of the body
Examples of haptens - answer-peanuts, dairy, shelfish, poision ivy, medications
exogenous antigens - answer-foreign material remaining after phagocytic
digestion of bacteria or other Ag
First line of immunity - answer-intact skin and mucous membranes
G0 (quiescent phase) - answer-the cell is resting, nondividing, inactive.
G1 (preparatory phase) - answer-in response to a stimuli, stem cells start to
become metabolically active
G2 phase of interphase - answer-Last phase of interphase in which cell
organelles are duplicated in preparation for cell division
gap junction - answer-A type of intercellular junction in animals that allows the
passage of materials between cells.
hapten - answer-small molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an
antigen
