ATMS 111 UW Exam 1 With Complete Solution

ATMS 111 UW Exam 1 With
Complete Solution

CO2 concentrations - ANSWER -From 280 ppm to over 400ppm and rising

-Values over last 400,000 years: 180-280 ppm

-Recent increase is human-caused(90% fossil fuels, 10% deforestation)




Earth Warmed 1° in last 130 years - ANSWER -Land has warmed more than
ocean

-Northern high latitudes have warmed the most




Predicted to warm more over next 100 years - ANSWER -Depends on how
much we emit

-And uncertainty in climate feedbacks

-If no emissions control: 3-5°C additional warming is likely




Average incoming solar radiation (visible, near infrared and a small amount
of UV) - ANSWER 342W/m2




Absorbed at surface, Reflected to space, Absorbed by atmosphere - ANSWER

, -50% absorbed at the surface

-30% reflected back to space

-20% absorbed by atmosphere




Albedo - ANSWER Varies from 0 to 1, black = low, white = high




Greenhouse gases - ANSWER - polyatomic




Water Vapor - ANSWER -The primary greenhouse gas: 60% of natural
greenhouse effect

-A feedbacknot a forcing




Carbon dioxide(CO2) - ANSWER -26% of natural greenhouse effect

-56% of anthropogenic greenhouse effect

-Extremely long-lived: average lifetime is 100 years, some remains in
atmosphere for over 1000 years




Methane(CH4) - ANSWER -Shorter-lived (8 yrs) but a more potent
greenhouse gas

-Global warming potential: 25

-32% of anthropogenic greenhouse effect