Biology Quiz 5- Biochemical Essentials

Biology Quiz 5- Biochemical Essentials What is the function of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis? ️️ To catalyze the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. What is the primary function of the large intestine in the digestive system? ️️ To absorb water and electrolytes and form feces. What is the process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA called? ️️ Transcription. What is the main structural component of cell membranes? ️️ Phospholipids. What is the role of the enzyme catalase? ️️ To decompose hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. What is the primary function of melanin in the skin? ️️ To protect against UV radiation by absorbing harmful rays. What molecule is the primary precursor for glucose synthesis during gluconeogenesis? ️️ Pyruvate. What is the function of cytochrome c in the electron transport chain? ️️ To transfer electrons between complex III and complex IV. What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? ️️ Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. What is the role of the enzyme pepsin in the stomach? ️️ To break down proteins into smaller peptides. What is the primary role of the spleen in the human body? ️️ To filter blood, recycle old red blood cells, and support immune functions. What is the primary product of the Calvin cycle? ️️ Glucose or G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate). What is the process by which proteins are synthesized in cells? ️️ Translation. What is the function of hemidesmosomes in cells? ️️ To anchor cells to the extracellular matrix. What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth? ️️ Salivary amylase. What is the role of the enzyme ligase in DNA repair? ️️ To join broken DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds. What is the primary energy source for brain cells under normal conditions? ️️ Glucose. What is the role of the stroma in chloroplasts? ️️ To house the enzymes necessary for the Calvin cycle. What is the function of ATPase enzymes? ️️ To hydrolyze ATP into ADP and Pi, releasing energy for cellular