AART RADIOGRAPHY EXAM WITH QUESTION AND
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau
states that cells are most radiosensitive when they are immature, undifferentiated,
and rapidly dividing
What is Characteristic radiation?
1. Incident electron hits and ejects out a K-shell photoelectron.
2. An L-shell electron takes its place, and the difference in energy required to
move down a level, is emitted as characteristic radiation
Anatomy of an x-ray tube
1. heated tungsten filament (cathode) produces incident electrons.
2. Incident electrons strike atoms in the tungsten target, which produces
characteristic radiation (x-ray photons)
what is Dose Area Product (DAP)
a.k.a. Kerma Area Product (KAP)
a method of radiation dose monitoring used during radiographic and fluoroscopic
studies. It provides an indication of the radiation dose received by a patient
What is the sensitometric curve?
illustrates the relationship between the exposure to the film and the resulting image
density
What is the inverse square law
The relationship between the source-to-image-receptor distance and resulting
intensity of radiation
What does a penetrometer illustrate?
The effect of kV on contrast
what is the bremsstrahlung radiation?
Bremsstrahlung (or Brems) radiation is one of the two kinds of x-rays produced at
the tungsten target of the x-ray tube. The incident high-speed electron passes
through a tungsten atom and is attracted by the positively charged nucleus.
Therefore, it is deflected from its course with a resulting loss of energy. This
energy loss is occurs in the form of an x-ray photon
What are the two types of radiation that can be produced at the tungsten
target in an x-ray tube?
1. characteristic radiation
2. Bremsstrahlung radiation
What is the difference between:
- Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)
,- Film badge
- Geiger-Mueller counter
- handheld ionization chamber
TLDs (Thermoluminescent dosimeters) and film badges are used for personnel
measurement, whereas a Geiger-Mueller detector is used to detect the location of
a specific source of radiation such as a radionuclide. Ion chambers are similar to
GM detectors in that they use a gas-filled chamber with a voltage applied across it.
The voltage is lower than in GM counters, around 105 V. This allows for
proportional counting of the energy received from radiation as opposed to simply
counting the number of pulses
Where is the innominate bone located?
Pelvis
The two bilateral innominate bones make up the pelvis. Each innominate bone is
made of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. These three bones contribute to the
formation of the acetabulum. When the interior face of the acetabulum is viewed,
the ilium comprises the upper two-thirds, the ischium comprises the lower
posterior one-third, and the pubis comprises the lower anterior one-third.
What bones make up the base of the skull?
- frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- sphenoid bone
- ethmoid bone
What make up the facial bones of the skull?
- nasal bone
- lacrimal bone
- Zygomatic bone
- inferior nasal conchae
- Vomer
- Maxilla
- Mandible
A parallel-plate ionization chamber receives a particular charge as x-ray
photons travel through it. This is the operating principle for which of the
following devices?
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)
A parallel-plate ionization chamber is a type of AEC. A radiolucent chamber is
beneath the patient (between the patient and the IR). As photons emerge from the
, patient, they enter the chamber and ionize the air within it. Once a predetermined
charge has been reached, the exposure is terminated automatically.
The exposed PSP is subjected to a narrow laser beam:
in the CR reader
Computed radiography (CR) uses special detector plates inside cassettes to record
the radiologic image. No film is used, hence the term filmless radiography. The CR
cassette is exposed just like a conventional screen–film cassette. Upon exposure, a
latent image is produced on the photostimulable phosphor (PSP) screen, which is
located inside the IP. The IP is placed in the CR processor, and the PSP is
automatically removed. A special reader scans the PSP with a narrow laser beam to
obtain the pixel data, which can then be displayed on a monitor as the radiographic
image.
Ulnar deviation will best demonstrate which carpal(s)?
lateral carpals & scaphoid
The collimator light and actual irradiated area must be accurate to within
what percentage of the SID?
2%
Aluminum filtration has the greatest effect on:
Low-energy x-ray photons
Filters (usually made of aluminum) are used in radiography to reduce patient dose.
This is achieved by removing low-energy radiation (i.e., decreased beam intensity),
which results in an x-ray beam of higher average energy.
The manubrial notch, a bony landmark used in radiography of the
sternoclavicular joints, is located at the same level as the:
3rd thoracic vertebra
The microswitch that controls the amount of replenishment solution used in
an automatic processor is located at the:
entrance roller
The wider dimension of the x-ray film is usually placed on the feed tray and fed
into the processor in that direction. The entrance roller is the first roller of the
transport system located at the end of the feed tray; this is the location of the
microswitch that determines the amount of replenishment solution. The length of
the film (the shorter dimension) activates the microswitch and replenisher is added
as long as the film is being fed into the processor. As such, the length of the film
determines how long the microswitch is activated, and therefore also determines
the amount of replenishment solution added.
In the parieto-orbital projection (Rhese method) of imaging the optic canal,
the median sagittal plane (MSP) and central ray (CR) form what angle?
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau
states that cells are most radiosensitive when they are immature, undifferentiated,
and rapidly dividing
What is Characteristic radiation?
1. Incident electron hits and ejects out a K-shell photoelectron.
2. An L-shell electron takes its place, and the difference in energy required to
move down a level, is emitted as characteristic radiation
Anatomy of an x-ray tube
1. heated tungsten filament (cathode) produces incident electrons.
2. Incident electrons strike atoms in the tungsten target, which produces
characteristic radiation (x-ray photons)
what is Dose Area Product (DAP)
a.k.a. Kerma Area Product (KAP)
a method of radiation dose monitoring used during radiographic and fluoroscopic
studies. It provides an indication of the radiation dose received by a patient
What is the sensitometric curve?
illustrates the relationship between the exposure to the film and the resulting image
density
What is the inverse square law
The relationship between the source-to-image-receptor distance and resulting
intensity of radiation
What does a penetrometer illustrate?
The effect of kV on contrast
what is the bremsstrahlung radiation?
Bremsstrahlung (or Brems) radiation is one of the two kinds of x-rays produced at
the tungsten target of the x-ray tube. The incident high-speed electron passes
through a tungsten atom and is attracted by the positively charged nucleus.
Therefore, it is deflected from its course with a resulting loss of energy. This
energy loss is occurs in the form of an x-ray photon
What are the two types of radiation that can be produced at the tungsten
target in an x-ray tube?
1. characteristic radiation
2. Bremsstrahlung radiation
What is the difference between:
- Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)
,- Film badge
- Geiger-Mueller counter
- handheld ionization chamber
TLDs (Thermoluminescent dosimeters) and film badges are used for personnel
measurement, whereas a Geiger-Mueller detector is used to detect the location of
a specific source of radiation such as a radionuclide. Ion chambers are similar to
GM detectors in that they use a gas-filled chamber with a voltage applied across it.
The voltage is lower than in GM counters, around 105 V. This allows for
proportional counting of the energy received from radiation as opposed to simply
counting the number of pulses
Where is the innominate bone located?
Pelvis
The two bilateral innominate bones make up the pelvis. Each innominate bone is
made of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. These three bones contribute to the
formation of the acetabulum. When the interior face of the acetabulum is viewed,
the ilium comprises the upper two-thirds, the ischium comprises the lower
posterior one-third, and the pubis comprises the lower anterior one-third.
What bones make up the base of the skull?
- frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- sphenoid bone
- ethmoid bone
What make up the facial bones of the skull?
- nasal bone
- lacrimal bone
- Zygomatic bone
- inferior nasal conchae
- Vomer
- Maxilla
- Mandible
A parallel-plate ionization chamber receives a particular charge as x-ray
photons travel through it. This is the operating principle for which of the
following devices?
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)
A parallel-plate ionization chamber is a type of AEC. A radiolucent chamber is
beneath the patient (between the patient and the IR). As photons emerge from the
, patient, they enter the chamber and ionize the air within it. Once a predetermined
charge has been reached, the exposure is terminated automatically.
The exposed PSP is subjected to a narrow laser beam:
in the CR reader
Computed radiography (CR) uses special detector plates inside cassettes to record
the radiologic image. No film is used, hence the term filmless radiography. The CR
cassette is exposed just like a conventional screen–film cassette. Upon exposure, a
latent image is produced on the photostimulable phosphor (PSP) screen, which is
located inside the IP. The IP is placed in the CR processor, and the PSP is
automatically removed. A special reader scans the PSP with a narrow laser beam to
obtain the pixel data, which can then be displayed on a monitor as the radiographic
image.
Ulnar deviation will best demonstrate which carpal(s)?
lateral carpals & scaphoid
The collimator light and actual irradiated area must be accurate to within
what percentage of the SID?
2%
Aluminum filtration has the greatest effect on:
Low-energy x-ray photons
Filters (usually made of aluminum) are used in radiography to reduce patient dose.
This is achieved by removing low-energy radiation (i.e., decreased beam intensity),
which results in an x-ray beam of higher average energy.
The manubrial notch, a bony landmark used in radiography of the
sternoclavicular joints, is located at the same level as the:
3rd thoracic vertebra
The microswitch that controls the amount of replenishment solution used in
an automatic processor is located at the:
entrance roller
The wider dimension of the x-ray film is usually placed on the feed tray and fed
into the processor in that direction. The entrance roller is the first roller of the
transport system located at the end of the feed tray; this is the location of the
microswitch that determines the amount of replenishment solution. The length of
the film (the shorter dimension) activates the microswitch and replenisher is added
as long as the film is being fed into the processor. As such, the length of the film
determines how long the microswitch is activated, and therefore also determines
the amount of replenishment solution added.
In the parieto-orbital projection (Rhese method) of imaging the optic canal,
the median sagittal plane (MSP) and central ray (CR) form what angle?
