Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1/ 149 Q&A/
A+ Score Solution.
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - Answer: enzymes of
the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation
that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two
things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? - Answer: 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements? - Answer: carbs, proteins, and lipids
Page 1 of 25
,What is physiologic atrophy? - Answer: occurs in early development. ex: thymus
glad during childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - Answer: occurs as a result of decreases in workload,
use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal
stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
what is hypertrophy? - Answer: increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - Answer: hypertrophy of
myocardial cells from endurance training
example of pathologic hypertrophy - Answer: cardiomegaly in a hypertensive
patient
What is hyperplasia? - Answer: increase in the number of cells
example of compensatory hyperplasia? - Answer: regeneration of the liver
example of pathological hyperplasia - Answer: endometrial tissue
example of hormonal hyperplasia - Answer: enlargement of the uterus during
pregnancy
Page 2 of 25
, What is metaplasia? - Answer: replacement of the cells
example of metaplasia - Answer: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining being replaced by squamous cells. can be reversed if irritant
stopped
cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us energy? - Answer: ATP functions as
the energy-transferring molecule
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of ATP have on the cells? - Answer: a
reduction of ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes the Na+/K+ pump and
Na+/Ca exchange to fail, leading to intracellular accumulation of Sodium and
calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the cell . Sodium and water can enter cell freely
causing cellular swelling
Apoptosis - Answer: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - Answer: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney
and heart) - Answer: hypoxia
Page 3 of 25
A+ Score Solution.
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - Answer: enzymes of
the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation
that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two
things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? - Answer: 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements? - Answer: carbs, proteins, and lipids
Page 1 of 25
,What is physiologic atrophy? - Answer: occurs in early development. ex: thymus
glad during childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - Answer: occurs as a result of decreases in workload,
use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal
stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
what is hypertrophy? - Answer: increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - Answer: hypertrophy of
myocardial cells from endurance training
example of pathologic hypertrophy - Answer: cardiomegaly in a hypertensive
patient
What is hyperplasia? - Answer: increase in the number of cells
example of compensatory hyperplasia? - Answer: regeneration of the liver
example of pathological hyperplasia - Answer: endometrial tissue
example of hormonal hyperplasia - Answer: enlargement of the uterus during
pregnancy
Page 2 of 25
, What is metaplasia? - Answer: replacement of the cells
example of metaplasia - Answer: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining being replaced by squamous cells. can be reversed if irritant
stopped
cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us energy? - Answer: ATP functions as
the energy-transferring molecule
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of ATP have on the cells? - Answer: a
reduction of ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes the Na+/K+ pump and
Na+/Ca exchange to fail, leading to intracellular accumulation of Sodium and
calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the cell . Sodium and water can enter cell freely
causing cellular swelling
Apoptosis - Answer: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - Answer: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney
and heart) - Answer: hypoxia
Page 3 of 25
