MH701 Frontier Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What is pharmacodynamics? - AnswerWhat the drug does to the body
/.What is pharmacokinetics - AnswerWhat the body does to the drug (absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion)
/.Psychotropic medications - Answermedications used to treat psychiatric disorders
/.What is pharmacogenetics - AnswerExplains how genetic variation leads to altered
drug responses in different individuals and ethnic groups
/.What is drug toxicity? - AnswerThe degree to which a drug can be poisonous or
harmful. it occurs when too much of the drug is accumulated in the bloodstream.
(CYP450 system determines this)
/.What is steady state? - AnswerCondition in which the rate of absorption equals the
rate of elimination. It is acheived in 4-5 half-lives.
/.What is drug half-life? - AnswerThe time required for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease by 50%
/.Classes of psychotropic drugs - AnswerAntidepressants
Antipsychotics
Mood stabilizers
Anxiolytics
Hypnotics
Cognitive enhancers, and Stimulants
/.Agonist - AnswerA chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter. A drug or
medication that binds to a specific receptor producing an effect identical to that usually
produced by the neurotransmitter affecting that receptor.
/.Antagonist - AnswerA compound that binds to a receptor that blocks or reduces the
action of another substance (agonist) at the receptor site involved.
Antagonists that compete with an agonist for a receptor are competitive antagonists.
Those that antagonize by other means are noncompetitive antagonists
/.Partial Agonist - AnswerMedication that produces a weaker, or less efficacious,
response than an agonist.
A compound that (even when fully occupying a receptor) possesses affinity for a
receptor, but elicits a partial pharmacological response at the receptor involved.
,/.Inverse Agonist - AnswerChemical substance that produces effects opposite those of a
particular neurotransmitter
/.What is the significance of understanding about CYP 450 when prescribing various
medications that may affect this? - AnswerInducers-speed up other drugs' metabolism
Which equals leaving the body quicker
Which equal little to no effect intended effect.
Inhibitors- block the enzyme so decreases the body's ability to use drug
Which leaves too much circulating drug
/.What medications will most be affected by CYP 450? - AnswerInducers
Mnemonic- CRAPGPS
Cabamazepine
Rifampin
Alcholol
Phenytion
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
Inhibitors
Mnemonic- SICKFACES.COM@GQ
Sodium Valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Amiodarone/alcohol
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Cipro
Omeprazole
Along with Grapefruit juice and Quinidine
/.What are the 4 tracts of the basal ganglia that can affect psychiatric or neurological
disorders? - AnswerStriatum (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus)-
(collectively, corpus striatum- caudate and putamen components of motor and
association) is involved in the modulation of motor acts, and plays a role in OCD,
Tourette's, Parkinson's,
Huntington's, associative or cognitive processes. When the gateway is functioning
normally, it allows motor
system to perform only acts that are goal directed. When gateway fails - OCD.
, Globus Pallidus-receives input from corpus striatum, damaged in Wilson's and carbon
monoxide
poisoning and causes dystonic and flapping movements of extremities
Substantia Nigra-degenerates in Parkinson's, characterized by rigidity and tremor and is
associated with
depression in more than 30% of cases
Subthalamic nucleus-ballistic movements, sudden limb jerks like projectile movement
/.What is the function of the limbic system related to psychiatric disorders? -
AnswerMotivation, emotion, learning, and memory.
Operates by influencing the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system.
• Anatomical loop for emotional processing/amygdala
• Assigns emotional significance to sensory experiences
• May regulate learned fear responses (panic/anxiety)
• Houses emotional association areas (associating emotion to other person's voice or
expression)
/.How would you know if someone's frontal lobe was damaged? - AnswerFrontal lobe
injury usually impairs the executive functions: motivation, attention, and sequencing of
actions.Changes in personality - how one interacts with the world, slowed thinking, poor
judgment, decreased curiosity,
social withdrawal, irritability.
/.monoamine neurotransmitters - Answerdopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine,
serotonin
/.Excitatory neurotransmitters - AnswerGlutamate
/.Inhibitory neurotransmitters - AnswerGABA
/.First line treatment MDD - AnswerSSRIs
/.What are some of the common SSRIs you would expect to prescribe for a patient who
has MDD? - AnswerFluoxetine (Prozac) and escitalopram (Lexapro) for adolescents
Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine
/.What are some good clinical guidelines when prescribing antidepressants? -
Answer*The most common clinical mistake leading to an unsuccessful trial of an
antidepressant drug is the use of too low a dosage for too short a time*
*Unless adverse effects prevent it, the dosage of an antidepressant should
be raised to the maximum recommended level and maintained at that level
for at least 4 or 5 weeks before a drug trial is considered unsuccessful.
*Alternatively, if a patient is improving clinically on low dosage of drug, the
dosage should not be raised unless clinical improvement stops before
What is pharmacodynamics? - AnswerWhat the drug does to the body
/.What is pharmacokinetics - AnswerWhat the body does to the drug (absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion)
/.Psychotropic medications - Answermedications used to treat psychiatric disorders
/.What is pharmacogenetics - AnswerExplains how genetic variation leads to altered
drug responses in different individuals and ethnic groups
/.What is drug toxicity? - AnswerThe degree to which a drug can be poisonous or
harmful. it occurs when too much of the drug is accumulated in the bloodstream.
(CYP450 system determines this)
/.What is steady state? - AnswerCondition in which the rate of absorption equals the
rate of elimination. It is acheived in 4-5 half-lives.
/.What is drug half-life? - AnswerThe time required for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease by 50%
/.Classes of psychotropic drugs - AnswerAntidepressants
Antipsychotics
Mood stabilizers
Anxiolytics
Hypnotics
Cognitive enhancers, and Stimulants
/.Agonist - AnswerA chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter. A drug or
medication that binds to a specific receptor producing an effect identical to that usually
produced by the neurotransmitter affecting that receptor.
/.Antagonist - AnswerA compound that binds to a receptor that blocks or reduces the
action of another substance (agonist) at the receptor site involved.
Antagonists that compete with an agonist for a receptor are competitive antagonists.
Those that antagonize by other means are noncompetitive antagonists
/.Partial Agonist - AnswerMedication that produces a weaker, or less efficacious,
response than an agonist.
A compound that (even when fully occupying a receptor) possesses affinity for a
receptor, but elicits a partial pharmacological response at the receptor involved.
,/.Inverse Agonist - AnswerChemical substance that produces effects opposite those of a
particular neurotransmitter
/.What is the significance of understanding about CYP 450 when prescribing various
medications that may affect this? - AnswerInducers-speed up other drugs' metabolism
Which equals leaving the body quicker
Which equal little to no effect intended effect.
Inhibitors- block the enzyme so decreases the body's ability to use drug
Which leaves too much circulating drug
/.What medications will most be affected by CYP 450? - AnswerInducers
Mnemonic- CRAPGPS
Cabamazepine
Rifampin
Alcholol
Phenytion
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
Inhibitors
Mnemonic- SICKFACES.COM@GQ
Sodium Valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Amiodarone/alcohol
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Cipro
Omeprazole
Along with Grapefruit juice and Quinidine
/.What are the 4 tracts of the basal ganglia that can affect psychiatric or neurological
disorders? - AnswerStriatum (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus)-
(collectively, corpus striatum- caudate and putamen components of motor and
association) is involved in the modulation of motor acts, and plays a role in OCD,
Tourette's, Parkinson's,
Huntington's, associative or cognitive processes. When the gateway is functioning
normally, it allows motor
system to perform only acts that are goal directed. When gateway fails - OCD.
, Globus Pallidus-receives input from corpus striatum, damaged in Wilson's and carbon
monoxide
poisoning and causes dystonic and flapping movements of extremities
Substantia Nigra-degenerates in Parkinson's, characterized by rigidity and tremor and is
associated with
depression in more than 30% of cases
Subthalamic nucleus-ballistic movements, sudden limb jerks like projectile movement
/.What is the function of the limbic system related to psychiatric disorders? -
AnswerMotivation, emotion, learning, and memory.
Operates by influencing the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system.
• Anatomical loop for emotional processing/amygdala
• Assigns emotional significance to sensory experiences
• May regulate learned fear responses (panic/anxiety)
• Houses emotional association areas (associating emotion to other person's voice or
expression)
/.How would you know if someone's frontal lobe was damaged? - AnswerFrontal lobe
injury usually impairs the executive functions: motivation, attention, and sequencing of
actions.Changes in personality - how one interacts with the world, slowed thinking, poor
judgment, decreased curiosity,
social withdrawal, irritability.
/.monoamine neurotransmitters - Answerdopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine,
serotonin
/.Excitatory neurotransmitters - AnswerGlutamate
/.Inhibitory neurotransmitters - AnswerGABA
/.First line treatment MDD - AnswerSSRIs
/.What are some of the common SSRIs you would expect to prescribe for a patient who
has MDD? - AnswerFluoxetine (Prozac) and escitalopram (Lexapro) for adolescents
Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine
/.What are some good clinical guidelines when prescribing antidepressants? -
Answer*The most common clinical mistake leading to an unsuccessful trial of an
antidepressant drug is the use of too low a dosage for too short a time*
*Unless adverse effects prevent it, the dosage of an antidepressant should
be raised to the maximum recommended level and maintained at that level
for at least 4 or 5 weeks before a drug trial is considered unsuccessful.
*Alternatively, if a patient is improving clinically on low dosage of drug, the
dosage should not be raised unless clinical improvement stops before
