HUF EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Hypoxia
Condition where body cells do not receive enough oxygen to
function properly, leading to symptoms like interference with
reasoning, unusual fatigue, and loss of consciousness.
What are the four types of hypoxia?
Hypoxic, Anemic, Stagnant, Histotoxic
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC)
The conscious time available to function in a reasonably
competent way without supplemental oxygen
TUC at 10 000 feet
hours
TUC at 20 000 feet
5-12 minutes
TUC at 30 000 feet
45-75 seconds
TUC at 40 000 feet
13-30 seconds
TUC at 45 000+ feet
12-15 seconds
,Hypoxic Hypoxia
occurs when not enough oxygen in the lungs or when the lungs
cannot transfer sufficient oxygen to the bloodstream.
Common cause of Hypoxic hypoxia:
high altitudes
At what altitude does the effects Hypoxic Hypoxia become
dangerous?
above 10 000 feet.
Smokers or lung disease can feel effects from 5000-6000 feet.
Common causes of anemic hypoxia:
CO poisoning, blood loss (donation, injury), anemia
Ischaemic/Stagnant Hypoxia
When there is sufficient oxygen in the bloodstream, but the
blood CANNOT TRANSPORT it, often caused by exposure to
G forces or diseases affecting arteries.
common causes of stagnant hypoxia:
G forces, diseases that affect arteries
Histotoxic Hypoxia
Results when cells are unable to extract and use oxygen from the
bloodstream, commonly caused by drugs, alcohol, or chemical
poisoning.
common causes of histotoxic hypoxia:
drugs and alcohol, chemical poisoning
, Mental Symptoms of Hypoxia
euphoria and impaired judgement,
Physical Symptoms of Hypoxia
dizziness
Behavioral Symptoms of Hypoxia
Aggression
Vision-related Symptoms of Hypoxia
Blurry or tunnel vision
Anemic Hypoxia
Condition where red blood cells cannot transport enough oxygen
to the body.
Most common cause of Anemic Hypoxia
Carbon Monoxide poisoning, cells do not combine at the normal
rate with oxygen.
Why does CO cause problems with breathing?
CO combines more readily with hemoglobin in the blood than
oxygen (about 200 times more)
What can inhaling CO cause?
impairment of brain functions and sight
How to avoid Anemic Hypoxia
ensure no engine emissions coming into the cockpit and smoke
free cockpit
SOLUTIONS
Hypoxia
Condition where body cells do not receive enough oxygen to
function properly, leading to symptoms like interference with
reasoning, unusual fatigue, and loss of consciousness.
What are the four types of hypoxia?
Hypoxic, Anemic, Stagnant, Histotoxic
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC)
The conscious time available to function in a reasonably
competent way without supplemental oxygen
TUC at 10 000 feet
hours
TUC at 20 000 feet
5-12 minutes
TUC at 30 000 feet
45-75 seconds
TUC at 40 000 feet
13-30 seconds
TUC at 45 000+ feet
12-15 seconds
,Hypoxic Hypoxia
occurs when not enough oxygen in the lungs or when the lungs
cannot transfer sufficient oxygen to the bloodstream.
Common cause of Hypoxic hypoxia:
high altitudes
At what altitude does the effects Hypoxic Hypoxia become
dangerous?
above 10 000 feet.
Smokers or lung disease can feel effects from 5000-6000 feet.
Common causes of anemic hypoxia:
CO poisoning, blood loss (donation, injury), anemia
Ischaemic/Stagnant Hypoxia
When there is sufficient oxygen in the bloodstream, but the
blood CANNOT TRANSPORT it, often caused by exposure to
G forces or diseases affecting arteries.
common causes of stagnant hypoxia:
G forces, diseases that affect arteries
Histotoxic Hypoxia
Results when cells are unable to extract and use oxygen from the
bloodstream, commonly caused by drugs, alcohol, or chemical
poisoning.
common causes of histotoxic hypoxia:
drugs and alcohol, chemical poisoning
, Mental Symptoms of Hypoxia
euphoria and impaired judgement,
Physical Symptoms of Hypoxia
dizziness
Behavioral Symptoms of Hypoxia
Aggression
Vision-related Symptoms of Hypoxia
Blurry or tunnel vision
Anemic Hypoxia
Condition where red blood cells cannot transport enough oxygen
to the body.
Most common cause of Anemic Hypoxia
Carbon Monoxide poisoning, cells do not combine at the normal
rate with oxygen.
Why does CO cause problems with breathing?
CO combines more readily with hemoglobin in the blood than
oxygen (about 200 times more)
What can inhaling CO cause?
impairment of brain functions and sight
How to avoid Anemic Hypoxia
ensure no engine emissions coming into the cockpit and smoke
free cockpit
