©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
PHS3300 - Cardiovascular system Exam
Study Guide.
Thrombus - answer✔a stationary blood clot formed within a vessel or a chamber of the heart
Embolus - answer✔Part of a thrombus breaks free, travel in the bloodstream & lodges at a
distal site
arteriosclerosis - answer✔general term meaning 'hardening or thickening'of the arterial wall
Artherosclerosis - answer✔a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which an artery wall thickens
Aneurysms - answer✔localized dilation of an arterial wall / represents a weakened area in the
artery that may eventually rupture (true = everything dilates and there is overall budging, false
= dissection aortic - a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall that seperates away from the rest
of the layer)
Valvular incompetence - answer✔incompetent valve allows two-way flow → venous
insufficiency (backflow)
Deep vein thrombosis - answer✔Acute venous obstruction is most frequently secondary to a
thrombus in a deep vein of the lower extremities.
Lymphedema - answer✔accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitium (space between
cells) → inflammatory response, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipose tissue & fibrosis
primary lymphedema - answer✔congenital anomaly or lymphatic system dysfunction
secondary lymphedema - answer✔infection by filarial worm or latrogenic accumulation of
lymphatic fluid
hypertension - answer✔results from a sustained increase in peripheral resistance (arteriolar
vasoconstriction), an increase in circulating blood volume, or both.
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
primary hypertension - answer✔denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause
(idiopathic) - isolated systolic, isolated diastolic and combined systolic and diastolic
secondary hypertension - answer✔high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease
preeclampsia - answer✔abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood
pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
hypertensive crisis - answer✔acute increase in blood pressure (hypertensive emergencies and
hypertensive urgency)
orthostatic hypotension - answer✔A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing
up from sitting or lying down.
electrocardiography - answer✔process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
magnetic resonance imaging & computed tomography - answer✔Useful for imaging cardiac
structures - myocardial thickening, coronary plaque burden
echocardiography - answer✔Uses reflected sound waves (ultrasound) to provide an image of
cardiac structure and motion within the chest - diagnosis of heart enlargement, valvular
disorders, collection of fluid in the pericardial space, cardiac tumours, and abnormalities in L
ventricular motion
nuclear cardiography - answer✔Radioactive substances injected into the bloodstream are used
to trace the patterns of blood flow in the heart - cold spots for inadequate perfusion
cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography - answer✔Directly measure pressures within
cardiac chambers; visualize chamber size, shape, and movement - visualization of coronary
arteries
coronary heart disease - answer✔characterized by insufficient delivery of oxygenated blood to
the myocardium (ischemia - hypoxia) because of atherosclerotic coronary arteries (CAD)
cardiac ischemia - answer✔occurs when the oxygen supply is insufficient to meet metabolic
demands (perfusion does not match workload)
coronary syndromes - answer✔Five distinct clinical syndromes differentiated according to the
severity & onset of symptoms. Result based on the timing and severity of a myocardial ischemic
insult
2|Page
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
PHS3300 - Cardiovascular system Exam
Study Guide.
Thrombus - answer✔a stationary blood clot formed within a vessel or a chamber of the heart
Embolus - answer✔Part of a thrombus breaks free, travel in the bloodstream & lodges at a
distal site
arteriosclerosis - answer✔general term meaning 'hardening or thickening'of the arterial wall
Artherosclerosis - answer✔a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which an artery wall thickens
Aneurysms - answer✔localized dilation of an arterial wall / represents a weakened area in the
artery that may eventually rupture (true = everything dilates and there is overall budging, false
= dissection aortic - a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall that seperates away from the rest
of the layer)
Valvular incompetence - answer✔incompetent valve allows two-way flow → venous
insufficiency (backflow)
Deep vein thrombosis - answer✔Acute venous obstruction is most frequently secondary to a
thrombus in a deep vein of the lower extremities.
Lymphedema - answer✔accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitium (space between
cells) → inflammatory response, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipose tissue & fibrosis
primary lymphedema - answer✔congenital anomaly or lymphatic system dysfunction
secondary lymphedema - answer✔infection by filarial worm or latrogenic accumulation of
lymphatic fluid
hypertension - answer✔results from a sustained increase in peripheral resistance (arteriolar
vasoconstriction), an increase in circulating blood volume, or both.
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
primary hypertension - answer✔denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause
(idiopathic) - isolated systolic, isolated diastolic and combined systolic and diastolic
secondary hypertension - answer✔high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease
preeclampsia - answer✔abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood
pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
hypertensive crisis - answer✔acute increase in blood pressure (hypertensive emergencies and
hypertensive urgency)
orthostatic hypotension - answer✔A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing
up from sitting or lying down.
electrocardiography - answer✔process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
magnetic resonance imaging & computed tomography - answer✔Useful for imaging cardiac
structures - myocardial thickening, coronary plaque burden
echocardiography - answer✔Uses reflected sound waves (ultrasound) to provide an image of
cardiac structure and motion within the chest - diagnosis of heart enlargement, valvular
disorders, collection of fluid in the pericardial space, cardiac tumours, and abnormalities in L
ventricular motion
nuclear cardiography - answer✔Radioactive substances injected into the bloodstream are used
to trace the patterns of blood flow in the heart - cold spots for inadequate perfusion
cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography - answer✔Directly measure pressures within
cardiac chambers; visualize chamber size, shape, and movement - visualization of coronary
arteries
coronary heart disease - answer✔characterized by insufficient delivery of oxygenated blood to
the myocardium (ischemia - hypoxia) because of atherosclerotic coronary arteries (CAD)
cardiac ischemia - answer✔occurs when the oxygen supply is insufficient to meet metabolic
demands (perfusion does not match workload)
coronary syndromes - answer✔Five distinct clinical syndromes differentiated according to the
severity & onset of symptoms. Result based on the timing and severity of a myocardial ischemic
insult
2|Page
