Bio 311C- Sata Exam Prep | Questions, all Solved
100% Correct with Verified Answers
how does a phospholipids structure relate to its function - ✔✔Polar phosphate group is
hydrophilic and faces the water. Nonpolar tails of fatty acid chains face the inside of the
membrane. The nonpolar interior acts as a barrier against polar solutes.
how does carotenoids structure relate to its function - ✔✔Functions to harvest light at a
particular wavelength. Double-bonded carbons also can accept protons or electrons: helps as
an antioxidant
how does cholestorol structure relate to function - ✔✔Polar side is outside of membrane
and the rest (hydrocarbons) remain inside the membrane and affect the fluidity of membranes.
Highly nonpolar and can easily penetrate membranes.
Also serves as a precursor to steroid hormones.
Polar amino acid side groups - ✔✔COO-
NH3+
OH
SH
nonpolar side groups - ✔✔CH3, CH2, rings
polar - ✔✔hydrophilic, soluble
nonpolar - ✔✔hydrophobic, insoluble
charged polar side groups - ✔✔COO-
,NH3+
uncharged side groups - ✔✔OH
SH
Bonds that hold amino acids together - ✔✔peptide bonds
Primary structure - ✔✔amino acid sequence
secondary structure - ✔✔H-bonding between -C=O and NH groups of the backbone. Forms
alpha spiral and beta pleated sheet
tertiary structure - ✔✔all types of bonding and interactions between the side chains:
covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, van der waals
quaternary structure - ✔✔only in complex proteins with multiple subunits (individual
proteins in a complex). All types of bonds.
amino terminus - ✔✔beginning of amino acid chain
carboxy terminus - ✔✔end of amino acid chain
pH - ✔✔measure of [H+]. Inverse log of [H+] in molar
If OH=5, then H equals - ✔✔9
pH increases by - ✔✔ten fold
, acid - ✔✔donates H+, increases H concentration and decreases pH; pH 1-6
base - ✔✔accepts H+, donates OH-, decreases H concentration, increases pH; pH 8-14
buffer - ✔✔donates or accepts protons as the pH increases or decreaes. Weak acid/base or a
combination
covalent bonds - ✔✔share valence electrons.
polar covalent: H2O, NH3,ester, peptide
nonpolar covalent: CH4, O2, H2, CO2
ionic bond - ✔✔takes electrons; forms between metals and makes ions
Van der waals - ✔✔weak forces
functional groups - ✔✔groups of atoms attached to a c molecule and they determine the
properties of such molecules
hydroxyl - ✔✔OH, polar alcohols, sugars, glycerol
carbonyl - ✔✔C=O, polar- aldehyde/ketone, sugars
aldehyde - ✔✔on the end of a carbon group and as a hydrogen
ketone - ✔✔in the middle of a carbon group and no hydrogen attached
100% Correct with Verified Answers
how does a phospholipids structure relate to its function - ✔✔Polar phosphate group is
hydrophilic and faces the water. Nonpolar tails of fatty acid chains face the inside of the
membrane. The nonpolar interior acts as a barrier against polar solutes.
how does carotenoids structure relate to its function - ✔✔Functions to harvest light at a
particular wavelength. Double-bonded carbons also can accept protons or electrons: helps as
an antioxidant
how does cholestorol structure relate to function - ✔✔Polar side is outside of membrane
and the rest (hydrocarbons) remain inside the membrane and affect the fluidity of membranes.
Highly nonpolar and can easily penetrate membranes.
Also serves as a precursor to steroid hormones.
Polar amino acid side groups - ✔✔COO-
NH3+
OH
SH
nonpolar side groups - ✔✔CH3, CH2, rings
polar - ✔✔hydrophilic, soluble
nonpolar - ✔✔hydrophobic, insoluble
charged polar side groups - ✔✔COO-
,NH3+
uncharged side groups - ✔✔OH
SH
Bonds that hold amino acids together - ✔✔peptide bonds
Primary structure - ✔✔amino acid sequence
secondary structure - ✔✔H-bonding between -C=O and NH groups of the backbone. Forms
alpha spiral and beta pleated sheet
tertiary structure - ✔✔all types of bonding and interactions between the side chains:
covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, van der waals
quaternary structure - ✔✔only in complex proteins with multiple subunits (individual
proteins in a complex). All types of bonds.
amino terminus - ✔✔beginning of amino acid chain
carboxy terminus - ✔✔end of amino acid chain
pH - ✔✔measure of [H+]. Inverse log of [H+] in molar
If OH=5, then H equals - ✔✔9
pH increases by - ✔✔ten fold
, acid - ✔✔donates H+, increases H concentration and decreases pH; pH 1-6
base - ✔✔accepts H+, donates OH-, decreases H concentration, increases pH; pH 8-14
buffer - ✔✔donates or accepts protons as the pH increases or decreaes. Weak acid/base or a
combination
covalent bonds - ✔✔share valence electrons.
polar covalent: H2O, NH3,ester, peptide
nonpolar covalent: CH4, O2, H2, CO2
ionic bond - ✔✔takes electrons; forms between metals and makes ions
Van der waals - ✔✔weak forces
functional groups - ✔✔groups of atoms attached to a c molecule and they determine the
properties of such molecules
hydroxyl - ✔✔OH, polar alcohols, sugars, glycerol
carbonyl - ✔✔C=O, polar- aldehyde/ketone, sugars
aldehyde - ✔✔on the end of a carbon group and as a hydrogen
ketone - ✔✔in the middle of a carbon group and no hydrogen attached
