LATEST ABFM IN TRAINING EXAM 2025
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology Correct Answer
Current guidelines recommend referral to a nephrologist if a
patient's renal disease is either of unknown etiology, is
deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73 m2
per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe chronic
kidney disease include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine
albumin to creatinine ratio >300 g/mg, persistent acidosis or
potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency anemia with a
hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Causes of peripheral neuropathy Correct Answer common
treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy, which include
*diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies*.
Additional causes of peripheral neuropathy include *chronic liver
disease and renal disease*. It is important to consider
medications as a possible cause, including *amiodarone, digoxin,
nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive alcohol* use is another
important consideration. In addition think *MGUS, and Multiple
Myeloma*
Failure rates of contraception Correct Answer The annual failure
rate of combined oral contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%.
,Typical failure rates for other contraceptive methods are 0.2% for
the levonorgestrel IUD, 6% for injectable progestin, 18% for male
condoms, and 22% for the withdrawal method.
mental status exam for acute changes like delerium Correct
Answer Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present before what
age? Correct Answer Age 12
Complications of GERD in infants Correct Answer
Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a significant number of
cases of failure to thrive, crib death, and recurrent pneumonia.
Features of gastroesophageal reflux include a history of recurrent
pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family history of sudden infant
death syndrome, and normocytic anemia.
coining "sickness leaving body" Correct Answer it's a south asian
thing, kids have multiple red welts and superficial abrasions
scattered on chest and upper back
thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis Correct Answer need
to increase by 30% because gastritis decreases absorption of
thyroid. ex: h. pylori, treat h.pylori to negate this effect
cubital tunnel syndrome Correct Answer irritation, compression,
and entrapment of the ulnar nerve
,in ages 5-16, what is the most common agent that causes
pneumonia Correct Answer mycoplasma - treat with azithromycin
what halts the worsening of thyroid complications such as
myxedema and exophthalmos Correct Answer treating with
methimazole
If MRSA bacteremia, when do you get repeat blood cultures?
Correct Answer 2-4 days
community acquired pneumonia Correct Answer a type of
pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a
hospital or clinic ie hotel stay or cruise ship
Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Correct Answer a geriatric
inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by
pain and stiffness
hallmark of this condition is the rapid and often dramatic
response, typically within a few days, to low-dose corticosteroids.
In fact, the lack of response to low-dose prednisone in such a
case should prompt the physician to consider another diagnosis
Post exposure prophylaxis for meningitis Correct Answer
ciprofloxacin, 500 mg orally one time; azithromycin, 500 mg orally
one time; ceftriaxone, 250 mg intramuscularly one time; or
, rifampin, 600 mg orally twice daily for 2 days. Treatment should
begin as soon as possible after exposure but no later than 14
days.
Dermatomyositis Correct Answer chronic systemic immunological
disease involving inflammation of the skin, connective tissue, and
muscles
distinct dermatologic findings, including Gottron's sign
(nonpalpable macules over the extensor surface of joints).
Patients may also have dilated nail-fold capillaries and ragged,
thickened cuticles.
jones fracture Correct Answer The treatment plan for this type of
fracture needs to account for the activity level of the patient. It has
been shown that active patients have shorter healing times and
return to activity sooner with surgical management. A competitive
dancer would be best managed with surgery. If the nonsurgical
option is chosen the patient is given an initial posterior splint and
followed up in 3-5 days, then placed in a short non-weight-bearing
cast for 6 weeks, at which time a repeat radiograph is taken. If the
radiograph shows healing, the patient can return to gradual
weight bearing. If the radiograph does not show proper healing,
then the period of non-weight bearing is extended.
what do asplenic patients do if they have fever and get in to see
doctor for eval in 2 hours? Correct Answer Amoxicillin,
levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin should be taken by asplenic
patients with a new onset of fever if they cannot get to a medical
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology Correct Answer
Current guidelines recommend referral to a nephrologist if a
patient's renal disease is either of unknown etiology, is
deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73 m2
per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe chronic
kidney disease include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine
albumin to creatinine ratio >300 g/mg, persistent acidosis or
potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency anemia with a
hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
Causes of peripheral neuropathy Correct Answer common
treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy, which include
*diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies*.
Additional causes of peripheral neuropathy include *chronic liver
disease and renal disease*. It is important to consider
medications as a possible cause, including *amiodarone, digoxin,
nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive alcohol* use is another
important consideration. In addition think *MGUS, and Multiple
Myeloma*
Failure rates of contraception Correct Answer The annual failure
rate of combined oral contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%.
,Typical failure rates for other contraceptive methods are 0.2% for
the levonorgestrel IUD, 6% for injectable progestin, 18% for male
condoms, and 22% for the withdrawal method.
mental status exam for acute changes like delerium Correct
Answer Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present before what
age? Correct Answer Age 12
Complications of GERD in infants Correct Answer
Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a significant number of
cases of failure to thrive, crib death, and recurrent pneumonia.
Features of gastroesophageal reflux include a history of recurrent
pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family history of sudden infant
death syndrome, and normocytic anemia.
coining "sickness leaving body" Correct Answer it's a south asian
thing, kids have multiple red welts and superficial abrasions
scattered on chest and upper back
thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis Correct Answer need
to increase by 30% because gastritis decreases absorption of
thyroid. ex: h. pylori, treat h.pylori to negate this effect
cubital tunnel syndrome Correct Answer irritation, compression,
and entrapment of the ulnar nerve
,in ages 5-16, what is the most common agent that causes
pneumonia Correct Answer mycoplasma - treat with azithromycin
what halts the worsening of thyroid complications such as
myxedema and exophthalmos Correct Answer treating with
methimazole
If MRSA bacteremia, when do you get repeat blood cultures?
Correct Answer 2-4 days
community acquired pneumonia Correct Answer a type of
pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a
hospital or clinic ie hotel stay or cruise ship
Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Correct Answer a geriatric
inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by
pain and stiffness
hallmark of this condition is the rapid and often dramatic
response, typically within a few days, to low-dose corticosteroids.
In fact, the lack of response to low-dose prednisone in such a
case should prompt the physician to consider another diagnosis
Post exposure prophylaxis for meningitis Correct Answer
ciprofloxacin, 500 mg orally one time; azithromycin, 500 mg orally
one time; ceftriaxone, 250 mg intramuscularly one time; or
, rifampin, 600 mg orally twice daily for 2 days. Treatment should
begin as soon as possible after exposure but no later than 14
days.
Dermatomyositis Correct Answer chronic systemic immunological
disease involving inflammation of the skin, connective tissue, and
muscles
distinct dermatologic findings, including Gottron's sign
(nonpalpable macules over the extensor surface of joints).
Patients may also have dilated nail-fold capillaries and ragged,
thickened cuticles.
jones fracture Correct Answer The treatment plan for this type of
fracture needs to account for the activity level of the patient. It has
been shown that active patients have shorter healing times and
return to activity sooner with surgical management. A competitive
dancer would be best managed with surgery. If the nonsurgical
option is chosen the patient is given an initial posterior splint and
followed up in 3-5 days, then placed in a short non-weight-bearing
cast for 6 weeks, at which time a repeat radiograph is taken. If the
radiograph shows healing, the patient can return to gradual
weight bearing. If the radiograph does not show proper healing,
then the period of non-weight bearing is extended.
what do asplenic patients do if they have fever and get in to see
doctor for eval in 2 hours? Correct Answer Amoxicillin,
levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin should be taken by asplenic
patients with a new onset of fever if they cannot get to a medical
