CPCE-NCE Counseling and Helping
Relationship 2025-2026 fully
solved & updated (100%
accuracy)
Object relations theory - answer Theory based on *psychoanalytic*
concepts, including belief that *early childhood determines* how clients
operate within present relationships.
Theory suggests that, in the first 3 years of life, infants have the
opportunity to develop significant *relationships* with primary
*caretakers* that will shape their interactions with people throughout
their lives.
*Reality therapy.* (Glasser)
i.e., Glasser's reality therapy asserts that *you are in charge* of your own
life and determine your own fate. Therefore, taking *responsibility is key*
in reality therapy. - answer What counseling approach gives the *most
control and responsibility to the client?
survival, love and belonging, power or achievement, freedom or
independence, and fun - answer According to *Reality therapy*, people
have five genetically based needs:
*Integrate treatment in that episode of care*.
i.e., when presented with co-occurring disorders, its best for professionals
to integrate treatment with proper professionals rather than waiting to
treat what could be major client concern. - answer Which of the following
is the right course of action for *co-occurring disorders* in treatment
planning?
(a) deal with issues sequentially.
(b) triage the more acute concern & treat it first. or
,(c) integrate treatment in that episode of care.
*Psychoanalytic theory* (Freud)
i.e., clients are seen as the product of their childhood.
(Proponents of psychoanalytic theory believe that certain personalities
exist because of the conflicts between impulses and the restraint of these
impulses. Techniques often used in psychoanalysis include dream
interpretation and free association as means of accessing the unconscious
drives and motivations of clients.) - answer *Free association* and *dream
interpretation* are techniques that would most likely be used by a
counselor who believes in which major counseling theory?
(a) object relations theory. (b) individual psychology.
(c) psychoanalytic theory. or (d) self psychology
*Gestalt therapy* (based on existential principles).
(Goal is to integrate all of the clients needs to become a whole person.
Clients are encouraged to attend to their emotions and to relive
experiences.)
Counselors working from a gestalt approach often use the two-chair
technique, role playing, and dream work. - answer During sessions with
clients, a counselor focuses on clients' needs by *encouraging them to pay
attention to their feelings and relive experiences*. counselors often uses
the *two-chair technique* and *role plays* to help clients identify these
needs and how to meet them. Which therapy approach is this?
*Caring*.
(Yalom's leader functions = [emotional stimulation], in which counselors
encourage healthy expression of emotions; [caring], which is
characterized by warmth, acceptance, genuineness, and concern;
[meaning attribution], in which the group leader provides a cognitive
perspective to group members' experiences; and [executive leadership],
which is characterized by the group leader structuring the group and
ensures that the group is moving in a particular direction.) - answer In
group, a member admits he feels relieved that his wife died from cancer
, because their marriage difficulty. He is tearful and upset as he talks. The
counselor responds by validating his feelings genuinely. Praising him for
opening up in group and invites other members to sensitively respond.
According to Irvin *Yalom*, which of the four *leader functions* is this?
(a. emotional stimulation
b. caring
c. meaning attribution
d. executive leadership)
They applied mostly to white, middle-class, college-educated males.
(This model was initially focused on white, middle-class, college-educated
males. Super's theories continued to evolve, and his later ideas such as
the life-career rainbow and the Archway Model tend to apply to a more
diverse range of individuals.) - answer Beginning in the 1950s and '60s,
Donald *Super* conceptualized career development to include specific
stages and tasks. Which of the following is a common *criticism* of
Super's early ideas?
*Psychopathology*.
i.e., In order for someone to have normal psychological development, a
secure attachment figure must be present and bonded with, or the likely
result is psychopathology of various kinds. Losing this key attachment
figure is known as object loss. - answer According to the work of *John
Bowlby*, what is the most likely result of object loss?
(a) normal development, (b) psychopathology,
(c) substance use, or (d) object replacement.
*The essential bond between a mother and a child*. - answer According to
the work of Margaret *Mahler*, what is *symbiosis*?
Relationship 2025-2026 fully
solved & updated (100%
accuracy)
Object relations theory - answer Theory based on *psychoanalytic*
concepts, including belief that *early childhood determines* how clients
operate within present relationships.
Theory suggests that, in the first 3 years of life, infants have the
opportunity to develop significant *relationships* with primary
*caretakers* that will shape their interactions with people throughout
their lives.
*Reality therapy.* (Glasser)
i.e., Glasser's reality therapy asserts that *you are in charge* of your own
life and determine your own fate. Therefore, taking *responsibility is key*
in reality therapy. - answer What counseling approach gives the *most
control and responsibility to the client?
survival, love and belonging, power or achievement, freedom or
independence, and fun - answer According to *Reality therapy*, people
have five genetically based needs:
*Integrate treatment in that episode of care*.
i.e., when presented with co-occurring disorders, its best for professionals
to integrate treatment with proper professionals rather than waiting to
treat what could be major client concern. - answer Which of the following
is the right course of action for *co-occurring disorders* in treatment
planning?
(a) deal with issues sequentially.
(b) triage the more acute concern & treat it first. or
,(c) integrate treatment in that episode of care.
*Psychoanalytic theory* (Freud)
i.e., clients are seen as the product of their childhood.
(Proponents of psychoanalytic theory believe that certain personalities
exist because of the conflicts between impulses and the restraint of these
impulses. Techniques often used in psychoanalysis include dream
interpretation and free association as means of accessing the unconscious
drives and motivations of clients.) - answer *Free association* and *dream
interpretation* are techniques that would most likely be used by a
counselor who believes in which major counseling theory?
(a) object relations theory. (b) individual psychology.
(c) psychoanalytic theory. or (d) self psychology
*Gestalt therapy* (based on existential principles).
(Goal is to integrate all of the clients needs to become a whole person.
Clients are encouraged to attend to their emotions and to relive
experiences.)
Counselors working from a gestalt approach often use the two-chair
technique, role playing, and dream work. - answer During sessions with
clients, a counselor focuses on clients' needs by *encouraging them to pay
attention to their feelings and relive experiences*. counselors often uses
the *two-chair technique* and *role plays* to help clients identify these
needs and how to meet them. Which therapy approach is this?
*Caring*.
(Yalom's leader functions = [emotional stimulation], in which counselors
encourage healthy expression of emotions; [caring], which is
characterized by warmth, acceptance, genuineness, and concern;
[meaning attribution], in which the group leader provides a cognitive
perspective to group members' experiences; and [executive leadership],
which is characterized by the group leader structuring the group and
ensures that the group is moving in a particular direction.) - answer In
group, a member admits he feels relieved that his wife died from cancer
, because their marriage difficulty. He is tearful and upset as he talks. The
counselor responds by validating his feelings genuinely. Praising him for
opening up in group and invites other members to sensitively respond.
According to Irvin *Yalom*, which of the four *leader functions* is this?
(a. emotional stimulation
b. caring
c. meaning attribution
d. executive leadership)
They applied mostly to white, middle-class, college-educated males.
(This model was initially focused on white, middle-class, college-educated
males. Super's theories continued to evolve, and his later ideas such as
the life-career rainbow and the Archway Model tend to apply to a more
diverse range of individuals.) - answer Beginning in the 1950s and '60s,
Donald *Super* conceptualized career development to include specific
stages and tasks. Which of the following is a common *criticism* of
Super's early ideas?
*Psychopathology*.
i.e., In order for someone to have normal psychological development, a
secure attachment figure must be present and bonded with, or the likely
result is psychopathology of various kinds. Losing this key attachment
figure is known as object loss. - answer According to the work of *John
Bowlby*, what is the most likely result of object loss?
(a) normal development, (b) psychopathology,
(c) substance use, or (d) object replacement.
*The essential bond between a mother and a child*. - answer According to
the work of Margaret *Mahler*, what is *symbiosis*?
