NURS 6630 EXAM/NURS 6630 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATES 2024-
2025(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
The two distinctions between Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin
Syndrome: - ANSWER-HYPOreflexia and NORMAL pupils vs HYPERreflexia and
DILATED pupils
Advanced Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome can cause: - ANSWER-Rhabdomyolysis
Treatment of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome consists of: - ANSWER-Dantrolene
(muscle relaxant) and Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine)
Less severe neurotransmitter side effects of Typical Antipsychotics include: -
ANSWER-ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION (Alpha-1 receptor inhibition),
ANTICHOLINERGIC SIDE EFFECTS (muscarinic receptor inhibition), and SEDATION
(H1 receptor inhibition).
,Which Typical Antipsychotics have a stronger sedating effect but less
extrapyramidal side effects? Low potency or High potency Typical Antipsychotics: -
ANSWER-Low potency
Metabolic side effects of Typical Antipsychotics include: - ANSWER-Weight gain,
dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia
Cardiac side effects of Typical Antipsychotics include: - ANSWER-Prolongation of
the QT interval (normal = 0.4-0.44 seconds)
Typical Antipsychotic, chlorpromazine specific side effects: - ANSWER-Corneal
deposits
Typical Antipsychotic, thioridazine specific side effects: - ANSWER-Retinal deposits
Block Dopamine D2 receptors in the Mesolimbic pathway to alleviate positive
symptoms of psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts) and
block Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the Mesocortical pathway that usually
prevent Dopamine release from dopaminergic neurons, thus increasing
mesolimbic dopamine levels and improving negative symptoms of psychosis (lack
of motivation, social withdrawal, and flat affect): - ANSWER-Atypical
Antipsychotics
Which type of Antipsychotics are preferred? Typical (first-generation) or Atypical
(second generation): - ANSWER-Atypical (second generation)
Eight common Atypical Antipsychotics: - ANSWER-clozapine, olanzapine,
quetiapine, paliperidone, risperidone, lurasidone, ziprasidone, aripiprazole
, This Atypical Antipsychotic uniquely partially stimulates D2 and 5-HT1 receptors: -
ANSWER-Aripiprazole
Five other indications for Atypical Antipsychotics: - ANSWER-Bipolar disorder,
OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Tourette Syndrome
First line agent for Acute Mania: - ANSWER-Atypical Antipsychotics
Because they also block D2 receptors in the tuberoinfundibular pathway Atypical
Antipsychotics can cause: - ANSWER-Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia caused by Atypical Antipsychotics blocking D2 receptors in the
tuberoinfundibular pathway can result in these three side effects: - ANSWER-
Oligomenorrhea, Galactorrhea, and Gynecomastia
Because of its effect on blocking dopamine receptors in the tuberoinfundibular
pathway, this Atypical Antipsychotic is the most likely to cause Hyperprolactinemia
(oligomennorhea, galactorrhea, and gynecomastia): - ANSWER-risperidone
Atypical Antipsychotics also block Dopamine receptors in the Nigrostriatal
pathway and can cause these symptoms: - ANSWER-Extrapyramidal symptoms
(dyskinesias and dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, pseudoparkinsonism,
akinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
Acute extrapyramidal symptoms include: - ANSWER-Dystonia, Akathisia, and
Pseudoparkinsonism
MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATES 2024-
2025(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
The two distinctions between Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin
Syndrome: - ANSWER-HYPOreflexia and NORMAL pupils vs HYPERreflexia and
DILATED pupils
Advanced Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome can cause: - ANSWER-Rhabdomyolysis
Treatment of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome consists of: - ANSWER-Dantrolene
(muscle relaxant) and Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine)
Less severe neurotransmitter side effects of Typical Antipsychotics include: -
ANSWER-ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION (Alpha-1 receptor inhibition),
ANTICHOLINERGIC SIDE EFFECTS (muscarinic receptor inhibition), and SEDATION
(H1 receptor inhibition).
,Which Typical Antipsychotics have a stronger sedating effect but less
extrapyramidal side effects? Low potency or High potency Typical Antipsychotics: -
ANSWER-Low potency
Metabolic side effects of Typical Antipsychotics include: - ANSWER-Weight gain,
dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia
Cardiac side effects of Typical Antipsychotics include: - ANSWER-Prolongation of
the QT interval (normal = 0.4-0.44 seconds)
Typical Antipsychotic, chlorpromazine specific side effects: - ANSWER-Corneal
deposits
Typical Antipsychotic, thioridazine specific side effects: - ANSWER-Retinal deposits
Block Dopamine D2 receptors in the Mesolimbic pathway to alleviate positive
symptoms of psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts) and
block Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the Mesocortical pathway that usually
prevent Dopamine release from dopaminergic neurons, thus increasing
mesolimbic dopamine levels and improving negative symptoms of psychosis (lack
of motivation, social withdrawal, and flat affect): - ANSWER-Atypical
Antipsychotics
Which type of Antipsychotics are preferred? Typical (first-generation) or Atypical
(second generation): - ANSWER-Atypical (second generation)
Eight common Atypical Antipsychotics: - ANSWER-clozapine, olanzapine,
quetiapine, paliperidone, risperidone, lurasidone, ziprasidone, aripiprazole
, This Atypical Antipsychotic uniquely partially stimulates D2 and 5-HT1 receptors: -
ANSWER-Aripiprazole
Five other indications for Atypical Antipsychotics: - ANSWER-Bipolar disorder,
OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Tourette Syndrome
First line agent for Acute Mania: - ANSWER-Atypical Antipsychotics
Because they also block D2 receptors in the tuberoinfundibular pathway Atypical
Antipsychotics can cause: - ANSWER-Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia caused by Atypical Antipsychotics blocking D2 receptors in the
tuberoinfundibular pathway can result in these three side effects: - ANSWER-
Oligomenorrhea, Galactorrhea, and Gynecomastia
Because of its effect on blocking dopamine receptors in the tuberoinfundibular
pathway, this Atypical Antipsychotic is the most likely to cause Hyperprolactinemia
(oligomennorhea, galactorrhea, and gynecomastia): - ANSWER-risperidone
Atypical Antipsychotics also block Dopamine receptors in the Nigrostriatal
pathway and can cause these symptoms: - ANSWER-Extrapyramidal symptoms
(dyskinesias and dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, pseudoparkinsonism,
akinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
Acute extrapyramidal symptoms include: - ANSWER-Dystonia, Akathisia, and
Pseudoparkinsonism
