USU COMD 5070--EXAM #1 LECTURES
A home stereo is actually a _________________. - answer-transducer--it converts
electrical energy to acoustic energy
A microphone is a transducer converting energy from one form, _____________, to
another form, ____________________. - answer-sound pressure waves, electrical
signal
Acoustic Phonetics - answer-Measures of speech production you can get from
microphone recordings and what they can tell us about the way the larynx was
operating and the way the articulators were moving
Acoustic Power - answer-1) The amount of energy (output) transferred/radiated in a
given amount of time.
2) Energy can come from batteries or an electrical wall socket
Acoustics are affected by ____________________ differences, and differences in
___________________ also affect sound. - answer-structural, function--SLPs help
people change the functions of structures for optimal sound output.
Aerodynamic Causes of Perturbation - answer-Air flow can be intermittently turbulent
Aerodynamics - answer-Pressures, flows, and resistances involved in regulating our
breath stream as we speak
Aliasing Definition - answer-An effect that causes different signals to become
indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled.
All periodic sounds are made up of a combination of sine waves with varying
__________________, ___________________, and ________________. - answer-
Amplitudes, phases, frequencies
All sounds originate with _________________. - answer-movement
Analog Meaning - answer-1) From the word analogous--one phenomenon represented
by another.
2) A microphone signal that travels in a wire is analogous to the sound pressure that
reaches the microphone.
Analog signals are continuous in _________________ and _________________. -
answer-time, amplitude
Anti-Aliasing Process - answer-1) Use a low-pass filter before digitizing
2) Set the filter to Nyquist frequency
3) Frequencies above this are deleted and cannot contaminate the recording
,4) Most modern recording systems do the filtering for you
Areas of Speech Science Study - answer-1) Acoustic phonetics
2) Physiological phonetics
3) Speech perception
As a general rule, a ___________________ increase in intensity is perceived as twice
as loud. - answer-6-10 dB
Band Pass Filter - answer-Allows a center band of frequencies through, holding back
both higher and lower frequencies
Band Reject Filter - answer-Allows both highest and lowest frequencies through, holding
back a center band of frequencies
Bandwidth Options - answer-1) Wide band spectrogram
2) Narrow band spectrogram
Bit Definition - answer-A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a
computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1.
Can analog signals be represented in a table? Why? - answer-no, because there can be
an infinite number of points in time and infinite amplitude values
Can your ears hear digital sounds? - answer-No, they need to be in analog form for us
to process.
Characteristics of Pitch Perception in Music - answer-1) Different octaves are
recognizable because the relationship between the notes is the same anywhere on the
scale
2) Some note pairs, if they are multiples, blend harmoniously
Clipping - answer-Driving a signal too hard. If the signal strength is much louder that the
recording device can accommodate, the signal will be badly distorted.
Common Analog Devices - answer-Cocks & watches with hands
Mercury thermometer
Tape measures
Cassette recorder
Dimmer switch on a light
Rotary volume knob
Microphones (respond to air vibrations and creates electrical signals)
Loudspeakers (Respond to electrical signals & creates air vibrations)
Common Digital Devices - answer-digital clock
computer
, cd
mp3 player
Complete absence of perturbation sounds ________________. - answer-artificial
Complex Tone - answer-More than one sign wave--multiple sounds blend together
Complex Tone Characteristics - answer-1) Have many frequencies
2) Fo (fundamental frequency) is often strongest
3) The auditory system responds to all frequencies heard
4) Can be periodic (more pleasant) or not
dB HL - answer-A scale used by audiometers where the physical amplitude is adjusted
so that 0dB reflects the minimum threshold across the entire range of frequencies
generated.
Degrees of Freedom - answer-1) Refers to speech production
2) The vocal chords and different articulators can all be doing different things at the
same time.
3) Different elements can be individually adjusted to create a specific sound.
Difference Limens Characteristics - answer-1) Higher frequency sounds must differ
more to be heard as different pitches
2) As intensity increases a larger dB change is needed for us to notice a loudness
difference
3) It's more difficult to tell soft sounds apart if they are fairly close in pitch
Digital Recording Properties - answer-1) Use numbers, which have finite precision--
limited number of decimal places
2) Can be fully represented by a table of numbers
3) There are unknowns between the points, but if the points are close enough together
in time, it's as if the signal were continuous
Digital recordings are _____________ in time and amplitude. - answer-discrete--a
series of separate numbers that are recorded in one long string, like a series of
snapshots over time.
EGG Pros - answer-1) noninvasive
2) safe
3) easy to use
Electroglottograph (EGG) - answer-Electrodes are placed on ether side of the larynx on
the surface of the neck so that a current can be passed through from one side to the
other. A waveform represents movements of the vocal folds.
A home stereo is actually a _________________. - answer-transducer--it converts
electrical energy to acoustic energy
A microphone is a transducer converting energy from one form, _____________, to
another form, ____________________. - answer-sound pressure waves, electrical
signal
Acoustic Phonetics - answer-Measures of speech production you can get from
microphone recordings and what they can tell us about the way the larynx was
operating and the way the articulators were moving
Acoustic Power - answer-1) The amount of energy (output) transferred/radiated in a
given amount of time.
2) Energy can come from batteries or an electrical wall socket
Acoustics are affected by ____________________ differences, and differences in
___________________ also affect sound. - answer-structural, function--SLPs help
people change the functions of structures for optimal sound output.
Aerodynamic Causes of Perturbation - answer-Air flow can be intermittently turbulent
Aerodynamics - answer-Pressures, flows, and resistances involved in regulating our
breath stream as we speak
Aliasing Definition - answer-An effect that causes different signals to become
indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled.
All periodic sounds are made up of a combination of sine waves with varying
__________________, ___________________, and ________________. - answer-
Amplitudes, phases, frequencies
All sounds originate with _________________. - answer-movement
Analog Meaning - answer-1) From the word analogous--one phenomenon represented
by another.
2) A microphone signal that travels in a wire is analogous to the sound pressure that
reaches the microphone.
Analog signals are continuous in _________________ and _________________. -
answer-time, amplitude
Anti-Aliasing Process - answer-1) Use a low-pass filter before digitizing
2) Set the filter to Nyquist frequency
3) Frequencies above this are deleted and cannot contaminate the recording
,4) Most modern recording systems do the filtering for you
Areas of Speech Science Study - answer-1) Acoustic phonetics
2) Physiological phonetics
3) Speech perception
As a general rule, a ___________________ increase in intensity is perceived as twice
as loud. - answer-6-10 dB
Band Pass Filter - answer-Allows a center band of frequencies through, holding back
both higher and lower frequencies
Band Reject Filter - answer-Allows both highest and lowest frequencies through, holding
back a center band of frequencies
Bandwidth Options - answer-1) Wide band spectrogram
2) Narrow band spectrogram
Bit Definition - answer-A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a
computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1.
Can analog signals be represented in a table? Why? - answer-no, because there can be
an infinite number of points in time and infinite amplitude values
Can your ears hear digital sounds? - answer-No, they need to be in analog form for us
to process.
Characteristics of Pitch Perception in Music - answer-1) Different octaves are
recognizable because the relationship between the notes is the same anywhere on the
scale
2) Some note pairs, if they are multiples, blend harmoniously
Clipping - answer-Driving a signal too hard. If the signal strength is much louder that the
recording device can accommodate, the signal will be badly distorted.
Common Analog Devices - answer-Cocks & watches with hands
Mercury thermometer
Tape measures
Cassette recorder
Dimmer switch on a light
Rotary volume knob
Microphones (respond to air vibrations and creates electrical signals)
Loudspeakers (Respond to electrical signals & creates air vibrations)
Common Digital Devices - answer-digital clock
computer
, cd
mp3 player
Complete absence of perturbation sounds ________________. - answer-artificial
Complex Tone - answer-More than one sign wave--multiple sounds blend together
Complex Tone Characteristics - answer-1) Have many frequencies
2) Fo (fundamental frequency) is often strongest
3) The auditory system responds to all frequencies heard
4) Can be periodic (more pleasant) or not
dB HL - answer-A scale used by audiometers where the physical amplitude is adjusted
so that 0dB reflects the minimum threshold across the entire range of frequencies
generated.
Degrees of Freedom - answer-1) Refers to speech production
2) The vocal chords and different articulators can all be doing different things at the
same time.
3) Different elements can be individually adjusted to create a specific sound.
Difference Limens Characteristics - answer-1) Higher frequency sounds must differ
more to be heard as different pitches
2) As intensity increases a larger dB change is needed for us to notice a loudness
difference
3) It's more difficult to tell soft sounds apart if they are fairly close in pitch
Digital Recording Properties - answer-1) Use numbers, which have finite precision--
limited number of decimal places
2) Can be fully represented by a table of numbers
3) There are unknowns between the points, but if the points are close enough together
in time, it's as if the signal were continuous
Digital recordings are _____________ in time and amplitude. - answer-discrete--a
series of separate numbers that are recorded in one long string, like a series of
snapshots over time.
EGG Pros - answer-1) noninvasive
2) safe
3) easy to use
Electroglottograph (EGG) - answer-Electrodes are placed on ether side of the larynx on
the surface of the neck so that a current can be passed through from one side to the
other. A waveform represents movements of the vocal folds.
