COMD 5070 - Final Exam

A line spectrum is a _______ in time. - answer-snapshot A semitone is always 1/__th of an octave. - answer-1/12th As you lower tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - answer-increase As you move tongue backward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - answer-decrease As you move tongue forward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - answer-increase As you raise tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - answer-decrease Do we need language competence to perceive phonetic differences? - answer-NO During early childhood, auditory feedback is _______ for learning how to make certain sounds but ________ later in life. - answer-essential (early on) Not as necessary later in life (closed-loop feedback is inappropriate for speaking) EMG intramusuclar electrodes are for what? - answer-fine detail EMG surface electrodes are for what? - answer-overall activity measures of larger muscles Flow during oral consonants indicates _______. - answer-leakage For a voiced stop, how long is the stop gap? - answer-short Hoarse voices have (high/low) perturbation. - answer-higher How can you estimate subglottal pressure? - answer-produce voiceless bilabial plosive (pah, pah, pah) -this is when oral pressure equals subglottal pressure How can you measure flow? - answer-pneumotachograph How can you vary the FILTER behavior? - answer-tongue/jaw movement How can you vary the SOURCE behavior? -loudness -pitch -voice quality - answer-loudness - more force from lungs Pitch - stretch vocal folds to increase tension Voice quality - breathy? Adjust space between arytenoids How do semitones correlate to our pitch perception? - answer-both systems are not linear -difference in fundamental frequencies between males and females will have a similar standard deviation in semitones How do we know a baby hears phonetic differences? - answer-infant heart rate drops for novel stimuli How do we parse words from a stream of sounds? - answer-some top-down processing is essential -reliance on linguistic knowledge (of person, topic, setting) to create expectations -clears ambiguities from early processing How do you calculate average air flow? - answer-dividing volume used by time -for example, if 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds -average flow = 1/5 liters per second = 0.2 L/s How does categorical perception differ from continuous perception? - answer-While both continuous and categorical perception have no right or wrong responses, they differ in that categorical perception represents a binary, one choice or another, whereas continuous perception offers a range of choices. In the loudness chart, two people can have drastically different perceptions of how loud a tone is. In the da/ta plot, there are only two choices, and most people's crossover points should lie within 20 ms of each other. How does electromagnetic articulography work? - answer--uses several electromagnetic signals -each transmitter has its own frequency -wires to each sensor How does magnetic jaw tracking work? - answer--single permanent magnet attached to teeth -headset detects magnet movements How does Ohm's law relate to the voice (equation)? - answer-laryngeal airway resistance = subglottic pressure / air flow How does the tongue move during acoustically identified phoneme boundaries? - answer-dynamically and constantly How is F0 affected by enthusiastic intonation? - answer-higher average and maximum F0 How is phonetic memory acquired? - answer-repeated exposure to sounds How many microphones are involved in acoustic nasometry? - answer-two