Texas STR Certification Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
ANSWERS
Culturally Responsive Instructional Practices - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This refers to
practices that recognize and incorporate the assets and strengths all students bring to the
classroom and ensure that learning experiences are relevant to all students.
Assets-Based Teaching Approach - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This refers to viewing
diversity of thought, culture, and traits as a positive asset as students are valued for what they
bring to the classroom rather than being characterized by what they are lacking.
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The specific units of sounds in a language that
distinguish one word from another (e.g., "b" and "t"
in "bat" and "tab")
Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g.,
"ed" changes a word to past tense)
Decoding - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The ability to use letter-sound relationships to
correctly sound-out and pronounce written words.
Discourse - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Written or spoken communication or debate (e.g.,
talk and conversation)
Language Demands - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The tools (vocabulary, syntax, discourse)
students use to participate in the content they are learning
Deep Orthography - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This phrase refers to a spelling system that is
more difficult to decode because there is not a direct correlation between the letters and
sounds in the language.
,Shallow Orthography - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This phrase refers to a spelling system
that is easier to decode because there is a direct correlation between. the letters and sounds in
the language.
Emergent Literacy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The term used to explain a child's knowledge
of reading and writing skills before they learn to read and write (e.g., recognizing a stop sign,
cereal box).
Phonological Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the ability to hear and manipulate all
units of sound including words, syllables, onset, rimes, and phonemes in spoken language.
Pragmatics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The practical rules that guide our use of language in
social contexts
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the study of the structure of words and how
meaningful units are combined in text (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, root words).
Transitional Bilingual Education - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A program in which two
languages are used to provide content instruction. Over time, use of the native language is
decreased and use of English is increased until only English is used for instruction.
Sheltered Instruction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔An approach to teaching English language
learners that integrates language and content instruction.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Development
of fluency in conversations - social language
CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Development of content and subject area language.
Comprehensible Input - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The part of a language that is understood
by listeners when learning a second language
, Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acquiring
language through subconscious processes vs. learning a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The ability to understand words and
language
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings
and the way they combine to form words and language.
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences,
or text
Repetition and Practice - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A teaching strategy that helps bring skill
knowledge from conscious to subconscious.
Oral Language Rehearsal - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A strategy that gives students the
opportunity to 'write aloud' before they begin a written language assignment; provides time
for them to rehearse how written forms differ from spoken forms
Language Systems - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Interdependent structures or systems that
support the language foundation necessary for reading
Orthographic Mapping - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The process of matching letters and
letter sequences with sounds in a word, and storing those words for future use; necessary for
spelling, pronouncing words correctly, and developing sight words and vocabulary.
Frontal Lobe - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
processing system (enables us to pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Temporal Lobe - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
processing (processes sound and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with meaning
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
ANSWERS
Culturally Responsive Instructional Practices - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This refers to
practices that recognize and incorporate the assets and strengths all students bring to the
classroom and ensure that learning experiences are relevant to all students.
Assets-Based Teaching Approach - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This refers to viewing
diversity of thought, culture, and traits as a positive asset as students are valued for what they
bring to the classroom rather than being characterized by what they are lacking.
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The specific units of sounds in a language that
distinguish one word from another (e.g., "b" and "t"
in "bat" and "tab")
Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g.,
"ed" changes a word to past tense)
Decoding - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The ability to use letter-sound relationships to
correctly sound-out and pronounce written words.
Discourse - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Written or spoken communication or debate (e.g.,
talk and conversation)
Language Demands - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The tools (vocabulary, syntax, discourse)
students use to participate in the content they are learning
Deep Orthography - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This phrase refers to a spelling system that is
more difficult to decode because there is not a direct correlation between the letters and
sounds in the language.
,Shallow Orthography - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔This phrase refers to a spelling system
that is easier to decode because there is a direct correlation between. the letters and sounds in
the language.
Emergent Literacy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The term used to explain a child's knowledge
of reading and writing skills before they learn to read and write (e.g., recognizing a stop sign,
cereal box).
Phonological Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the ability to hear and manipulate all
units of sound including words, syllables, onset, rimes, and phonemes in spoken language.
Pragmatics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The practical rules that guide our use of language in
social contexts
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the study of the structure of words and how
meaningful units are combined in text (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, root words).
Transitional Bilingual Education - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A program in which two
languages are used to provide content instruction. Over time, use of the native language is
decreased and use of English is increased until only English is used for instruction.
Sheltered Instruction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔An approach to teaching English language
learners that integrates language and content instruction.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Development
of fluency in conversations - social language
CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Development of content and subject area language.
Comprehensible Input - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The part of a language that is understood
by listeners when learning a second language
, Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acquiring
language through subconscious processes vs. learning a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The ability to understand words and
language
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings
and the way they combine to form words and language.
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences,
or text
Repetition and Practice - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A teaching strategy that helps bring skill
knowledge from conscious to subconscious.
Oral Language Rehearsal - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A strategy that gives students the
opportunity to 'write aloud' before they begin a written language assignment; provides time
for them to rehearse how written forms differ from spoken forms
Language Systems - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Interdependent structures or systems that
support the language foundation necessary for reading
Orthographic Mapping - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The process of matching letters and
letter sequences with sounds in a word, and storing those words for future use; necessary for
spelling, pronouncing words correctly, and developing sight words and vocabulary.
Frontal Lobe - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
processing system (enables us to pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Temporal Lobe - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological
processing (processes sound and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with meaning
