DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PRIMARY CARE NR 511
MIDTERM EXAM / NR511 MIDTERM EXAM COMPLETE
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATES |GUARANTEED PASS
A+!!DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AN
HPI - OLDCARTS - ANSWER: Acronym for Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics,
Aggravating Factors, Relieving Factors, Timing, Severity
Sensitivity - ANSWER: (True positives / total diseased) x 100
Specificity - ANSWER: # non-diseased individuals correctly diagnosed / total # of non-
diseased individuals
Pretest Probability - ANSWER: Initial probability of a condition before diagnostic
testing
Positive Predictive Value - ANSWER: Increases with prevalence; low prevalence →
low positive predictive value → high false-positive rate
Negative Predictive Value - ANSWER: Decreases with prevalence
SNAPPS - ANSWER: Summarize, Narrow, Analyze, Probe, Plan, Select, Prioritize,
Acknowledge, Decide, Negotiate, Cover, Be honest, Follow up, Discuss
Rubella - ANSWER: Viral illness caused by Rubella virus, transmitted via direct or
droplet contact, with symptoms like rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and arthralgia
Incubation Period - ANSWER: 7-21 days for Rubella
Forchheimer Sign - ANSWER: Pinpoint or larger petechiae on the soft palate, a sign of
Rubella
Impetigo - ANSWER: Bacterial skin infection, with bullous and non-bullous forms,
caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Group A streptococcus
Varicella - ANSWER: Highly contagious viral illness caused by Varicella zoster virus,
presenting with fever, malaise, rash, and vesicles
Tzanck Smear - ANSWER: Diagnostic test for Varicella using vesicular fluid
Reye Syndrome - ANSWER: A rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the
liver and brain, often linked to aspirin use in children recovering from viral infections
, Acyclovir - ANSWER: Antiviral medication used to treat Varicella, with dosages
specified for different age groups
A-Famciclovir - ANSWER: Antiviral medication alternative to Acyclovir for Varicella
treatment
A-Valacyclovir - ANSWER: Antiviral medication alternative to Acyclovir for Varicella
treatment
Pityriasis Rosea - ANSWER: Idiopathic, self-limiting skin condition with hard patches,
salmon-colored oval plaques, and collarette scales along borders; often mistaken for
fungal infection.
Psoriasis - ANSWER: Chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disorder with silvery white
plaques on erythematous base, common on elbows, knees, and scalp; may involve
nail pitting and Auspitz sign.
Allergic/Contact Dermatitis - ANSWER: Acute skin inflammation due to contact with
irritants like nickel, plants, or chemicals, presenting with redness, itching, and
papules; may require patch testing for diagnosis.
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANSWER: Chronic pruritic skin eruption with
erythematous rash, common on flexural surfaces, and lichenification; more prevalent
in individuals with a family history of allergies or asthma.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa) - ANSWER: Blockage of apocrine glands
leading to cyst-like abscesses, pain, and erythema in areas like axilla and groin; more
common in obese individuals with a family history of the condition.
MRSA - ANSWER: Staphylococcus aureus bacteria resistant to many antibiotics, often
acquired in healthcare settings and presenting with warm, pus-filled red bumps that
turn into boils.
Folliculitis - ANSWER: Superficial infection of hair follicles, commonly caused by
Staphylococcus aureus or Pityrosporum, with symptoms like small erythematous
pustules and pruritus.
Cellulitis - ANSWER: Non-necrotizing inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissues
due to acute infection, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus;
presents with erythema, warmth, and pain.
Herpes Simplex - ANSWER: Viral infection by HSV-1 (mouth, face) or HSV-2 (genitals)
with painful ulceration, fever, and recurrent episodes of burning genital pain and
vesicular lesions.
MIDTERM EXAM / NR511 MIDTERM EXAM COMPLETE
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATES |GUARANTEED PASS
A+!!DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AN
HPI - OLDCARTS - ANSWER: Acronym for Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics,
Aggravating Factors, Relieving Factors, Timing, Severity
Sensitivity - ANSWER: (True positives / total diseased) x 100
Specificity - ANSWER: # non-diseased individuals correctly diagnosed / total # of non-
diseased individuals
Pretest Probability - ANSWER: Initial probability of a condition before diagnostic
testing
Positive Predictive Value - ANSWER: Increases with prevalence; low prevalence →
low positive predictive value → high false-positive rate
Negative Predictive Value - ANSWER: Decreases with prevalence
SNAPPS - ANSWER: Summarize, Narrow, Analyze, Probe, Plan, Select, Prioritize,
Acknowledge, Decide, Negotiate, Cover, Be honest, Follow up, Discuss
Rubella - ANSWER: Viral illness caused by Rubella virus, transmitted via direct or
droplet contact, with symptoms like rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and arthralgia
Incubation Period - ANSWER: 7-21 days for Rubella
Forchheimer Sign - ANSWER: Pinpoint or larger petechiae on the soft palate, a sign of
Rubella
Impetigo - ANSWER: Bacterial skin infection, with bullous and non-bullous forms,
caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Group A streptococcus
Varicella - ANSWER: Highly contagious viral illness caused by Varicella zoster virus,
presenting with fever, malaise, rash, and vesicles
Tzanck Smear - ANSWER: Diagnostic test for Varicella using vesicular fluid
Reye Syndrome - ANSWER: A rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the
liver and brain, often linked to aspirin use in children recovering from viral infections
, Acyclovir - ANSWER: Antiviral medication used to treat Varicella, with dosages
specified for different age groups
A-Famciclovir - ANSWER: Antiviral medication alternative to Acyclovir for Varicella
treatment
A-Valacyclovir - ANSWER: Antiviral medication alternative to Acyclovir for Varicella
treatment
Pityriasis Rosea - ANSWER: Idiopathic, self-limiting skin condition with hard patches,
salmon-colored oval plaques, and collarette scales along borders; often mistaken for
fungal infection.
Psoriasis - ANSWER: Chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disorder with silvery white
plaques on erythematous base, common on elbows, knees, and scalp; may involve
nail pitting and Auspitz sign.
Allergic/Contact Dermatitis - ANSWER: Acute skin inflammation due to contact with
irritants like nickel, plants, or chemicals, presenting with redness, itching, and
papules; may require patch testing for diagnosis.
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANSWER: Chronic pruritic skin eruption with
erythematous rash, common on flexural surfaces, and lichenification; more prevalent
in individuals with a family history of allergies or asthma.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa) - ANSWER: Blockage of apocrine glands
leading to cyst-like abscesses, pain, and erythema in areas like axilla and groin; more
common in obese individuals with a family history of the condition.
MRSA - ANSWER: Staphylococcus aureus bacteria resistant to many antibiotics, often
acquired in healthcare settings and presenting with warm, pus-filled red bumps that
turn into boils.
Folliculitis - ANSWER: Superficial infection of hair follicles, commonly caused by
Staphylococcus aureus or Pityrosporum, with symptoms like small erythematous
pustules and pruritus.
Cellulitis - ANSWER: Non-necrotizing inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissues
due to acute infection, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus;
presents with erythema, warmth, and pain.
Herpes Simplex - ANSWER: Viral infection by HSV-1 (mouth, face) or HSV-2 (genitals)
with painful ulceration, fever, and recurrent episodes of burning genital pain and
vesicular lesions.
