Pharmacology HESI V2 Preparation
A client is prescribed phenobarbital sodium (Luminal) for a seizure
disorder. The
medication has a long half-life of 4 days. Based on this half-life, the
medication
likely be will most
prescribed
A. once a
day.
B. twice a
day.
C. three times a
day.
D. four times a day. correct answers
ANS: A
Medication with long half-lives remain at their therapeutic levels between
doses for
periods oflong
time. Therefore, this medication can be administered
once a day.
A nurse educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence
medication
metabolism with a group of nurses. Medication dosages may need to be
decreased
which of theforfollowing reasons? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Increased renal
excretion
B. Increased medication-metabolizing
enzymes
C. Liver
failure
D. Peripheral vascular
disease
E. Concurrent use of medication metabolized by the same pathway
correct
ANS: C, answers
E
Liver failure decreases metabolism and thus increase the concentration of
medication.
This may require decreasing the dosage of medication. When two
medications
metabolized are in the same way, they may compete for metabolism, thereby
increasing the of one or both
concentration
medications.
Increased renal excretion may decrease concentration of the
medication,
increased requiring
dosage. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes can
decrease the of the medication. The dose might need increased.
concentration
Peripheral
disease vascular
may impair distribution, and more of the medication may
be needed.
A nurse s preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the
following arenursing interventions related to this procedure? (Select all
appropriate
that
A. apply.)
Using medical aseptic
technique
B. Asking the client to look up at the
ceiling
C. Having the client lie in a side-lying
position
D. Dropping medication into the center of the client's
conjunctival
E. Instructingsac the client to close the eye gently correct answers
ANS:B,
The D, E
medication should be dropped into the center of the conjunctival sac
to promote
better distribution of the medication. The client should close the eye
gently to allow
improved distribution of the
medication.
,Surgical aseptic technique is used to administer eye drops. The client
should
or be sitting
in a supine position to facilitate proper administration of
eye drops.
A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a client who has a new
prescription for
transdermal a
medication. Which of the following statements by the
client indicatesof the
understanding
teaching?
A. "I will clean the site with an alcohol swab prior to applying
the"Ipatch."
B. will rotate the application site
weekly."
C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with
no "I
D. hair."
will place the new patch on the site of the old patch." correct
answers ANS:medication
Transdermal C should be applied to a hairless area of skin to
promote
absorption of
medication.
The skin should be washed with soap and water and dried thoroughly before
applying a patch. Application sites should be rotated on a daily basis to
transdermal
prevent skin
irritatio
n.
A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new
prescription
provider by thethe trough level of the client's medication. Which of
to verify
the following
actions should the nurse
take?
A. Have a blood specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of
medication.
B. Verify that the client has been on the medication for 24 hr before
ordering a blood
specime
n.
C. Ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of
medication.
D. Begin administering the medication, and obtain a blood specimen.
correct answers
ANS:
A
To verify trough levels of a medication, a blood specimen is obtained
immediately
before the next dose of
medication.
A nurse is preparing a client's medication. Which of the following
are legal
responsibilities of the nurse? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Maintaining skill
competency
B. Determining the
dosage
C. Monitoring for adverse
effects
D. Safeguarding
medications
E. Identifying the client's diagnosis correct answers ANS:
A, C, D
Determining medication dosage and identifying a diagnosis is the
role/responsibility
the of
provider. The nurse should be informed about a client's
diagnosis.
A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new
prescription
provider by the (Zestril) 10 mg PO every day. The nurse should
for lisinopril
recognize
which thisfollowing
of the as types of
prescription?
A. Single
prescription
B. Stat
prescription
C. Routine
prescription
D. Standing prescription correct answers
ANS: C
,A routine prescription identifies a medication that is given on a regular
schedule. This
medication is administered every day until
discontinued.
A single prescription is to be given once at a specified time or as soon as
possible.
stat A
prescription is only given once, and it is given immediately. A standing
prescription
is written for specific circumstances or a
specific unit.
A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg PO
PRN vomiting
and nausea for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse
shouldof
which clarify
the following parts of the prescription with the
provider?
A.
Name
B.
Dosage
C.
Route
D. Time correct answers
ANS:time
The D and frequency of medication administration is not included and
should be
clarified with the
provider.
A nurse is orienting a newly hired nurse and discussing how to take
telephone
prescription. Which of the following statements by the newly hired
nurse indicatesof the
understanding
discussion?
A. "A second nurse enters the prescription into the client's
health
B. record."
"Another nurse should listen to the
phone
C. "Thecall."
provider can clarify the prescription when he signs the
health
D. "Therecord."
'read back' is omitted if this is a one-time prescription." correct
answers
The ANS:
second B should listen to a telephone prescription to
nurse
prevent errors in
communicati
on.
The nurse who takes the telephone prescription should enter it into the
client'sto
record health
prevent errors in translation. The nurse verifies the prescription
is complete
and accurate at the time it is given by reading it back to the provider. A
prescription includes reading back all types of medication
telephone
prescription.
A nurse on a medical unit is admitting a client and completing a
preassessmentof
administration before
medications. Which of the following data should the
nurse
the include in
preassessment? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Use of herbal
B. Daily fluid
teas
intake
C. Current health
status
D. Previous surgical
history
E. Food allergies correct answers ANS: A,
C, E of herbal product,s which often contains caffeine, should be
Use
assessed prior
medication to
administration because caffeine can affect medication
biotransformation.
Current health status should be reviewed because new prescriptions
can cause in current health status. Food allergies should be
alterations
included in the that is completed prior to medication administration to
preassessment
identify any
potential
interactions.
, Daily fluid intake and surgical history is important, but it is not
part of the
presassessment that is completed prior to medication
administration.
A nurse is assessing a client's IV. Which of the following findings is
indicative (Select
phlebitis? of all that
apply.)
A. Tingling sensation below
insertion site
B.
Tachycardia
C. Palpable, hard mass above
insertion
D. site
Cool, pale
skin
E. Pain at site correct answers ANS:
C, E at the IV site and a palpable, hard mass above the insertion site is
Pain
a clinical
manifestation of
thrombophlebitis.
A tingling sensation below the insertion site is a clinical manifestation of
nerve damage.
Tachycardia is a clinical manifestation of fluid volume overload. Cool,
pale skin is a
clinical manifestation of
infiltration.
A nurse manager is reviewing the facility's policies for IV therapy with the
members
his of nurse manager should remind the team that which of
team. The
the following
techniques helps minimize the risk of catheter
embolism?
A. Performing hand hygiene before and after IV
insertion
B. Rotating IV sites at least every
72 Minimizing
C. hr tourniquet
time
D. Avoiding reinserting the needle into an IV catheter correct
answers
The nurseANS: D
manager should remind the members to avoid reinserting a
needle to This
catheter. an IVaction can result in severing the end of the catheter and
consequently
cause a catheter
embolism.
A nurse is preparing to initiate IV therapy for an older adult client. Which of
the following
actions should the nurse
take?
A. Use a disposable razor to remove excess hair on the
extremity.
B. Select the back of the client's hand to insert the IV
catheter.
C. Distend the veins by using a blood
pressure
D. Direct cuff.
the client to raise his arm above his heart. correct
answers
The nurseANS:
shouldC distend the veins using a blood pressure cuff to reduce
overfilling
the vein, which
of can result in a
hematoma.
The nurse should remove excess hair by clipping it with scissors.
Shaving with
disposable razors can cause skin damage that lead to infection. In most
instances,
nurse thethe IV catheter into a distal site, such as the back of the
inserts
client's hand.
However, when inserting an IV catheter for an older adult, the nurse should
usethe
on a site
arm because older adults typically have fragile veins in the back of
theirnurse
The hands.should direct the client to hold his arm below the level of his d
heart to disten
the
vein.
A client is prescribed phenobarbital sodium (Luminal) for a seizure
disorder. The
medication has a long half-life of 4 days. Based on this half-life, the
medication
likely be will most
prescribed
A. once a
day.
B. twice a
day.
C. three times a
day.
D. four times a day. correct answers
ANS: A
Medication with long half-lives remain at their therapeutic levels between
doses for
periods oflong
time. Therefore, this medication can be administered
once a day.
A nurse educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence
medication
metabolism with a group of nurses. Medication dosages may need to be
decreased
which of theforfollowing reasons? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Increased renal
excretion
B. Increased medication-metabolizing
enzymes
C. Liver
failure
D. Peripheral vascular
disease
E. Concurrent use of medication metabolized by the same pathway
correct
ANS: C, answers
E
Liver failure decreases metabolism and thus increase the concentration of
medication.
This may require decreasing the dosage of medication. When two
medications
metabolized are in the same way, they may compete for metabolism, thereby
increasing the of one or both
concentration
medications.
Increased renal excretion may decrease concentration of the
medication,
increased requiring
dosage. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes can
decrease the of the medication. The dose might need increased.
concentration
Peripheral
disease vascular
may impair distribution, and more of the medication may
be needed.
A nurse s preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the
following arenursing interventions related to this procedure? (Select all
appropriate
that
A. apply.)
Using medical aseptic
technique
B. Asking the client to look up at the
ceiling
C. Having the client lie in a side-lying
position
D. Dropping medication into the center of the client's
conjunctival
E. Instructingsac the client to close the eye gently correct answers
ANS:B,
The D, E
medication should be dropped into the center of the conjunctival sac
to promote
better distribution of the medication. The client should close the eye
gently to allow
improved distribution of the
medication.
,Surgical aseptic technique is used to administer eye drops. The client
should
or be sitting
in a supine position to facilitate proper administration of
eye drops.
A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a client who has a new
prescription for
transdermal a
medication. Which of the following statements by the
client indicatesof the
understanding
teaching?
A. "I will clean the site with an alcohol swab prior to applying
the"Ipatch."
B. will rotate the application site
weekly."
C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with
no "I
D. hair."
will place the new patch on the site of the old patch." correct
answers ANS:medication
Transdermal C should be applied to a hairless area of skin to
promote
absorption of
medication.
The skin should be washed with soap and water and dried thoroughly before
applying a patch. Application sites should be rotated on a daily basis to
transdermal
prevent skin
irritatio
n.
A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new
prescription
provider by thethe trough level of the client's medication. Which of
to verify
the following
actions should the nurse
take?
A. Have a blood specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of
medication.
B. Verify that the client has been on the medication for 24 hr before
ordering a blood
specime
n.
C. Ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of
medication.
D. Begin administering the medication, and obtain a blood specimen.
correct answers
ANS:
A
To verify trough levels of a medication, a blood specimen is obtained
immediately
before the next dose of
medication.
A nurse is preparing a client's medication. Which of the following
are legal
responsibilities of the nurse? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Maintaining skill
competency
B. Determining the
dosage
C. Monitoring for adverse
effects
D. Safeguarding
medications
E. Identifying the client's diagnosis correct answers ANS:
A, C, D
Determining medication dosage and identifying a diagnosis is the
role/responsibility
the of
provider. The nurse should be informed about a client's
diagnosis.
A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new
prescription
provider by the (Zestril) 10 mg PO every day. The nurse should
for lisinopril
recognize
which thisfollowing
of the as types of
prescription?
A. Single
prescription
B. Stat
prescription
C. Routine
prescription
D. Standing prescription correct answers
ANS: C
,A routine prescription identifies a medication that is given on a regular
schedule. This
medication is administered every day until
discontinued.
A single prescription is to be given once at a specified time or as soon as
possible.
stat A
prescription is only given once, and it is given immediately. A standing
prescription
is written for specific circumstances or a
specific unit.
A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg PO
PRN vomiting
and nausea for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse
shouldof
which clarify
the following parts of the prescription with the
provider?
A.
Name
B.
Dosage
C.
Route
D. Time correct answers
ANS:time
The D and frequency of medication administration is not included and
should be
clarified with the
provider.
A nurse is orienting a newly hired nurse and discussing how to take
telephone
prescription. Which of the following statements by the newly hired
nurse indicatesof the
understanding
discussion?
A. "A second nurse enters the prescription into the client's
health
B. record."
"Another nurse should listen to the
phone
C. "Thecall."
provider can clarify the prescription when he signs the
health
D. "Therecord."
'read back' is omitted if this is a one-time prescription." correct
answers
The ANS:
second B should listen to a telephone prescription to
nurse
prevent errors in
communicati
on.
The nurse who takes the telephone prescription should enter it into the
client'sto
record health
prevent errors in translation. The nurse verifies the prescription
is complete
and accurate at the time it is given by reading it back to the provider. A
prescription includes reading back all types of medication
telephone
prescription.
A nurse on a medical unit is admitting a client and completing a
preassessmentof
administration before
medications. Which of the following data should the
nurse
the include in
preassessment? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Use of herbal
B. Daily fluid
teas
intake
C. Current health
status
D. Previous surgical
history
E. Food allergies correct answers ANS: A,
C, E of herbal product,s which often contains caffeine, should be
Use
assessed prior
medication to
administration because caffeine can affect medication
biotransformation.
Current health status should be reviewed because new prescriptions
can cause in current health status. Food allergies should be
alterations
included in the that is completed prior to medication administration to
preassessment
identify any
potential
interactions.
, Daily fluid intake and surgical history is important, but it is not
part of the
presassessment that is completed prior to medication
administration.
A nurse is assessing a client's IV. Which of the following findings is
indicative (Select
phlebitis? of all that
apply.)
A. Tingling sensation below
insertion site
B.
Tachycardia
C. Palpable, hard mass above
insertion
D. site
Cool, pale
skin
E. Pain at site correct answers ANS:
C, E at the IV site and a palpable, hard mass above the insertion site is
Pain
a clinical
manifestation of
thrombophlebitis.
A tingling sensation below the insertion site is a clinical manifestation of
nerve damage.
Tachycardia is a clinical manifestation of fluid volume overload. Cool,
pale skin is a
clinical manifestation of
infiltration.
A nurse manager is reviewing the facility's policies for IV therapy with the
members
his of nurse manager should remind the team that which of
team. The
the following
techniques helps minimize the risk of catheter
embolism?
A. Performing hand hygiene before and after IV
insertion
B. Rotating IV sites at least every
72 Minimizing
C. hr tourniquet
time
D. Avoiding reinserting the needle into an IV catheter correct
answers
The nurseANS: D
manager should remind the members to avoid reinserting a
needle to This
catheter. an IVaction can result in severing the end of the catheter and
consequently
cause a catheter
embolism.
A nurse is preparing to initiate IV therapy for an older adult client. Which of
the following
actions should the nurse
take?
A. Use a disposable razor to remove excess hair on the
extremity.
B. Select the back of the client's hand to insert the IV
catheter.
C. Distend the veins by using a blood
pressure
D. Direct cuff.
the client to raise his arm above his heart. correct
answers
The nurseANS:
shouldC distend the veins using a blood pressure cuff to reduce
overfilling
the vein, which
of can result in a
hematoma.
The nurse should remove excess hair by clipping it with scissors.
Shaving with
disposable razors can cause skin damage that lead to infection. In most
instances,
nurse thethe IV catheter into a distal site, such as the back of the
inserts
client's hand.
However, when inserting an IV catheter for an older adult, the nurse should
usethe
on a site
arm because older adults typically have fragile veins in the back of
theirnurse
The hands.should direct the client to hold his arm below the level of his d
heart to disten
the
vein.
