BIOD351
PHARMACOLOGY
Module 4
LATEST FINAL TEST REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Question 1: Which of the following hormones is not
synthesized from cholesterol?
- A) Cortisol
- B) Aldosterone
- C) Insulin
- D) Testosterone
Answer: C) Insulin
Rationale : Insulin is a peptide hormone synthesized from
amino acids, whereas cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone are
steroid hormones synthesized from cholesterol.
2. Question 2: Which enzyme is primarily responsible for
converting androgens to estrogens in peripheral tissues?
- A) Aromatase
- B) 5-alpha reductase
- C) Cyclooxygenase
- D) Monoamine oxidase
Answer: A) Aromatase
Rationale : Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgens,
such as testosterone, to estrogens, like estradiol, in various tissues.
©2024/2025
,3. Question 3: In the context of hormone action, what does the
term "upregulation" refer to?
- A) Increased hormone degradation
- B) Decreased receptor sensitivity
- C) Decreased hormone synthesis
- D) Increased receptor density
Answer: D) Increased receptor density
Rationale : Upregulation refers to the increase in the number
of receptors on the cell surface, enhancing the cell's sensitivity to
a hormone.
4. Question 4: What is the primary action of glucagon in
carbohydrate metabolism?
- A) Promote glycogenolysis
- B) Inhibit gluconeogenesis
- C) Promote glycolysis
- D) Increase insulin secretion
Answer: A) Promote glycogenolysis
Rationale : Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen
to glucose, a process known as glycogenolysis, raising blood
glucose levels.
©2024/2025
, 5. Question 5: Which of the following conditions is
characterized by hypersecretion of cortisol?
- A) Addison's disease
- B) Cushing's syndrome
- C) Grave's disease
- D) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Answer: B) Cushing's syndrome
Rationale : Cushing's syndrome results from chronic exposure
to elevated levels of cortisol or exogenous glucocorticoids.
6. Question 6: Which hormone is primarily responsible for
regulating calcium homeostasis in the body?
- A) Parathyroid hormone
- B) Thyroxine
- C) Insulin
- D) Cortisol
Answer: A) Parathyroid hormone
Rationale : Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is crucial in
regulating calcium levels in the blood by increasing bone
resorption, renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and activating
vitamin D.
©2024/2025
PHARMACOLOGY
Module 4
LATEST FINAL TEST REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Question 1: Which of the following hormones is not
synthesized from cholesterol?
- A) Cortisol
- B) Aldosterone
- C) Insulin
- D) Testosterone
Answer: C) Insulin
Rationale : Insulin is a peptide hormone synthesized from
amino acids, whereas cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone are
steroid hormones synthesized from cholesterol.
2. Question 2: Which enzyme is primarily responsible for
converting androgens to estrogens in peripheral tissues?
- A) Aromatase
- B) 5-alpha reductase
- C) Cyclooxygenase
- D) Monoamine oxidase
Answer: A) Aromatase
Rationale : Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgens,
such as testosterone, to estrogens, like estradiol, in various tissues.
©2024/2025
,3. Question 3: In the context of hormone action, what does the
term "upregulation" refer to?
- A) Increased hormone degradation
- B) Decreased receptor sensitivity
- C) Decreased hormone synthesis
- D) Increased receptor density
Answer: D) Increased receptor density
Rationale : Upregulation refers to the increase in the number
of receptors on the cell surface, enhancing the cell's sensitivity to
a hormone.
4. Question 4: What is the primary action of glucagon in
carbohydrate metabolism?
- A) Promote glycogenolysis
- B) Inhibit gluconeogenesis
- C) Promote glycolysis
- D) Increase insulin secretion
Answer: A) Promote glycogenolysis
Rationale : Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen
to glucose, a process known as glycogenolysis, raising blood
glucose levels.
©2024/2025
, 5. Question 5: Which of the following conditions is
characterized by hypersecretion of cortisol?
- A) Addison's disease
- B) Cushing's syndrome
- C) Grave's disease
- D) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Answer: B) Cushing's syndrome
Rationale : Cushing's syndrome results from chronic exposure
to elevated levels of cortisol or exogenous glucocorticoids.
6. Question 6: Which hormone is primarily responsible for
regulating calcium homeostasis in the body?
- A) Parathyroid hormone
- B) Thyroxine
- C) Insulin
- D) Cortisol
Answer: A) Parathyroid hormone
Rationale : Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is crucial in
regulating calcium levels in the blood by increasing bone
resorption, renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and activating
vitamin D.
©2024/2025
