,Chapter 1. The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
b b b b b b b b b b
1 The nucleus
b , which is essential for function and
b b b b b b b
survival of the cell.
b b b b
A) is the site of protein synthesis b b b b b
B) contains the genetic code b b b
C) transforms cellular energy b b
D) initiates aerobic metabolism b b
2 Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known
b b b b b b b b b
as the power plants of the cell because they:
b b b b b b b b b
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. b b b b
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
b b b b
C) extract energy from organic compounds. b b b b
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
b b b b b
3 Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is
b b b b b b b b b
formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane
b b b b b b b b b b
functions are carried out by:
b b b b b
A) bound and transmembrane proteins. b b b
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. b b b
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors. b b b b
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
b b b b b b
4 To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication
b b b b b
utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
b b b b b
A) displace surface receptor proteins. b b b
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. b b b b
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
b b b
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
b b b b
5 Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism,
b b b b b b
provides energy by:
b b b
,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. b b b b b
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. b b b b b b
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. b b b b b
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
b b b b b b
6 Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
b b b b b b b
into the extracellular fluid.
b b b b
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for b b b b b b b
transport
b
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful
b b b b
microorganisms
b
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing b b b b b
synthesized substances
b b
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes b b b b b
for secretion
b b
7 The process responsible for generating and conducting
b b b b b b
membrane potentials is:
b b b
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions. b b b
B) millivoltage of electrical potential. b b b
C) polarization of charged particles. b b b
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
b b
8 Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the
b b b b b b b b b
cells and the number of layers. Which of the following is a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?
b b b b b b b b
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with
b b b b b b
intercellular matrix; some do not extend to
b b b b b b b b
surface
b
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all
b b b b b b
cells rest on basement membrane
b b b b b
, C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surfaceb b b b b
epithelia and underlying connective tissue
b b b b b
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of b b b b
cells; deepest layer rests on basement
b b b b b b
membrane
b
9 Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
b b b b b b b
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
b b b b b
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular
b b b b b
fibers.
b
C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers
b b b b b b b
muscles.
b
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in
b b b b b b b
place.
b
10 Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities,
b b b b b b b
smooth muscle (also known as involuntary muscle) differs
b b b b b b b b
by:
b
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
b b b b b bb
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M b b b b b b
bands.
b
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-
b b b b b
striations.
b
D) contracting in response to increased b b b b
intracellular calcium.
b b
11 Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is
b b b b b b b b b b b
performed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
b b b b b
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for
b b b b b b
protein synthesis
b b
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein
b b b b b b b
synthesis
b
b b b b b b b b b b
1 The nucleus
b , which is essential for function and
b b b b b b b
survival of the cell.
b b b b
A) is the site of protein synthesis b b b b b
B) contains the genetic code b b b
C) transforms cellular energy b b
D) initiates aerobic metabolism b b
2 Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known
b b b b b b b b b
as the power plants of the cell because they:
b b b b b b b b b
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. b b b b
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
b b b b
C) extract energy from organic compounds. b b b b
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
b b b b b
3 Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is
b b b b b b b b b
formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane
b b b b b b b b b b
functions are carried out by:
b b b b b
A) bound and transmembrane proteins. b b b
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. b b b
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors. b b b b
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
b b b b b b
4 To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication
b b b b b
utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
b b b b b
A) displace surface receptor proteins. b b b
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. b b b b
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
b b b
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
b b b b
5 Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism,
b b b b b b
provides energy by:
b b b
,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. b b b b b
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. b b b b b b
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. b b b b b
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
b b b b b b
6 Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
b b b b b b b
into the extracellular fluid.
b b b b
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for b b b b b b b
transport
b
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful
b b b b
microorganisms
b
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing b b b b b
synthesized substances
b b
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes b b b b b
for secretion
b b
7 The process responsible for generating and conducting
b b b b b b
membrane potentials is:
b b b
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions. b b b
B) millivoltage of electrical potential. b b b
C) polarization of charged particles. b b b
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
b b
8 Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the
b b b b b b b b b
cells and the number of layers. Which of the following is a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?
b b b b b b b b
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with
b b b b b b
intercellular matrix; some do not extend to
b b b b b b b b
surface
b
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all
b b b b b b
cells rest on basement membrane
b b b b b
, C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surfaceb b b b b
epithelia and underlying connective tissue
b b b b b
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of b b b b
cells; deepest layer rests on basement
b b b b b b
membrane
b
9 Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
b b b b b b b
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
b b b b b
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular
b b b b b
fibers.
b
C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers
b b b b b b b
muscles.
b
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in
b b b b b b b
place.
b
10 Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities,
b b b b b b b
smooth muscle (also known as involuntary muscle) differs
b b b b b b b b
by:
b
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
b b b b b bb
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M b b b b b b
bands.
b
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-
b b b b b
striations.
b
D) contracting in response to increased b b b b
intracellular calcium.
b b
11 Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is
b b b b b b b b b b b
performed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
b b b b b
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for
b b b b b b
protein synthesis
b b
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein
b b b b b b b
synthesis
b
