Understanding
ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY
Fourth Edition
A Visual, Auditory, Interactive Approach
k A DAVIS
,Study Guide for
Understanding
ANATOMY a
PHYSIOLOGY
Fourth Edition
A Visual, Auditory, Interactive Approach
Gale Sloan Thompson, RN
) FA. DAVIS
Philadelphia
,F. A. Davis Company
1915 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
www.fadavis.com
Copyright © 2025 by F. A. Davis Company
Copyright © 2025 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored
a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acquisitions Editor: Jacalyn Sharp
Manager of Project and eProject Management: Catherine H. Carroll
Content Project Manager I: Shannon Hill
Design and Illustration Manager: Carolyn O’Brien
As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo
changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted
standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from
application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this boo
should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply
each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose
and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs.
ISBN 978-1-7196-4763-2
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis
Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 pe
copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license
by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 978-1-7196-
4763-2/24 0 + $.25.
, Reviewers of Previous Editions
Tetteh Abbeyquaye, PhD
Worcester, Massachusetts
Janice Ankenmann, RN, MSN, CCRN, FNP-C
Napa, California
Dan Bickerton, MS
Statesboro, Georgia
Anne L. Brown, RN, BSN
Binghamton, New York
Susan E. Brown, MS, RN
Newport News, Virgina
Henry Steven Carter, MS, CRC, CVE
Dallas, Texas
Thea L. Clark, RN, BS, MS
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Ginny Cohrs, RN, BSN
Alexandria, Minnesota
Tamera Crosswhite, RN, MSN
Frederick, Oklahoma
Fleurdeliza Cuyco, BS, MD
Los Angeles, California
Judith L. Davis, RN, MSN, FNP
Delta, Colorado
Carita Dickson, RN
San Bernardino, California
Teddy Dupre, MSN
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Hisham S. Elbatarny, MB BCh, MSc, MD