Medical-Surgical Questions with Rationale 70 questions and answers A+

1. A male client who had a stroke is incontinent of urine. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement in providing bladder training? A) Insert a Foley catheter at night to prevent accidents. B) Offer the client the commode or urinal every two hours. C) Decrease the client’s oral fluid intake to one liter per day D) Instruct the client to hold his urine as long as possible. During a bladder training program, the commode or urinal should be offered every two hours (B) to establish a routine in bladder emptying and prevent urinary accidents. (A, C, and D) are not indicated. Correct Answer(s): B 2. A client with Parkinson's disease asks the practical nurse (PN) to explain how this disease causes his muscles to malfunction. Which underlying pathophysiology should the PN use as a basis for the explanation? A) Synaptic levels of norepinephrine decrease in the neuromuscular junction. B) Cerebellar levels of acetylcholine rise and inhibit voluntary movement. C) Degeneration of the basal ganglia leads to a decrease in dopamine levels. D) Neuronal signals from the cerebral cortex increase acetylcholine. Parkinson's disease is caused by a degeneration of the basal ganglia (C) and a decrease in dopamine (C), a neurochemical transmitter that affects coordinated and fine voluntary skeletal muscle movements. (A, B, and D) are inaccurate.