Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Advanced Pathophysiology Practice
Questions / Cardio / Resp Questions and
Correct Verified Answers
Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac preload?
1. Cardiac afterload is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome.
3. Cardiac afterload is the factor that affects cardiac output.
4. Cardiac afterload is the amount of blood that enters the right atrium.
✓ 2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must
overcome.
✓
✓ 1. Cardiac preload is referred to as the volume of blood in the heart at the end of
diastole.
✓ 2. Cardiac afterload is referred to as the amount of resistance that the ventricle
must overcome to pump blood out of the heart.
✓ 3. Cardiac preload factors affect cardiac output. They often occur before
contraction.
✓ 4. Cardiac preload refers to the volume of blood that enters the right atrium
from the venous system.
✓
✓ pg 373
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
How is stage C heart failure different from other stages of heart failure, according to
the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification?
1. Clients will have unidentifiable structural or functional heart abnormalities.
2. Clients may develop structural heart disease associated with heart failure.
3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
4. Clients may have advanced structural heart disease.
✓ 3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
✓
✓ 1. Clients who have no identifiable structural or functional abnormalities are
classified under stage A heart failure.
✓ 2. Clients who have developed structural heart disease strongly associated with
heart failure are classified under stage B heart failure.
✓ 3. Clients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure associated with
underlying structural heart disease are classified under stage C heart failure.
✓ 4. Clients with advanced structural heart disease and marked symptoms of heart
failure are classified under stage D heart failure.
✓
✓ pg 395
Heart failure is classified into four different stages by the American College of
Cardiology/American Heart Association. How is the condition of a client in stage B
different from the condition of clients in other stages?
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
1. The client in stage B is supported by a mechanical circulatory assist device.
2. The client in stage B is undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of heart failure.
3. The client in stage B has a history of a previous myocardial infarction.
4. The client with diabetes mellitus has a family history of cardiomyopathy.
✓ 3. The client in stage B has a history of a previous myocardial infarction.
✓
✓ 1. A client diagnosed with heart failure that is supported by a mechanical
circulatory assist device and a client who is frequently hospitalized for heart
failure is categorized under stage D heart failure.
✓ 2. A client undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of heart failure and fatigue
caused by systolic dysfunction is categorized under stage C heart failure.
✓ 3. A client with a previous myocardial infarction and asymptomatic heart disease
is categorized under stage B heart failure.
✓ 4. A client with diabetes mellitus and a family history of cardiomyopathy is
categorized under stage A heart disease.
✓
✓ pg 395
A client 50 years of age is diagnosed with Class III (moderate) heart failure. How is Class
III heart failure different from other classes of heart failure in the client, according to
the New York Association of Classification of Heart Failure?
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
1. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel comfortable with ordinary
physical activity.
2. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel fatigue and palpitations but
only with ordinary activity.
3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms such as fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical activities.
4. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will be unable to carry out physical
activities comfortably.
✓ 3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms such as
fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical
activities.
✓
✓ 1. The client with Class II (mild) heart failure will feel comfortable with ordinary
physical activity.
✓ 2. The client with Class I (mild) heart failure will not experience fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing ordinary physical activity.
✓ 3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will experience fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than ordinary physical activities but
may be comfortable at rest.
✓ 4. The client with Class IV (severe) heart failure may not be able to carry out any
physical activities comfortably. The client may have symptoms of cardiac
insufficiency at rest.
✓
✓ pg 395
Top Mark !!!
Advanced Pathophysiology Practice
Questions / Cardio / Resp Questions and
Correct Verified Answers
Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac preload?
1. Cardiac afterload is the volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole.
2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome.
3. Cardiac afterload is the factor that affects cardiac output.
4. Cardiac afterload is the amount of blood that enters the right atrium.
✓ 2. Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must
overcome.
✓
✓ 1. Cardiac preload is referred to as the volume of blood in the heart at the end of
diastole.
✓ 2. Cardiac afterload is referred to as the amount of resistance that the ventricle
must overcome to pump blood out of the heart.
✓ 3. Cardiac preload factors affect cardiac output. They often occur before
contraction.
✓ 4. Cardiac preload refers to the volume of blood that enters the right atrium
from the venous system.
✓
✓ pg 373
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
How is stage C heart failure different from other stages of heart failure, according to
the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification?
1. Clients will have unidentifiable structural or functional heart abnormalities.
2. Clients may develop structural heart disease associated with heart failure.
3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
4. Clients may have advanced structural heart disease.
✓ 3. Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure.
✓
✓ 1. Clients who have no identifiable structural or functional abnormalities are
classified under stage A heart failure.
✓ 2. Clients who have developed structural heart disease strongly associated with
heart failure are classified under stage B heart failure.
✓ 3. Clients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure associated with
underlying structural heart disease are classified under stage C heart failure.
✓ 4. Clients with advanced structural heart disease and marked symptoms of heart
failure are classified under stage D heart failure.
✓
✓ pg 395
Heart failure is classified into four different stages by the American College of
Cardiology/American Heart Association. How is the condition of a client in stage B
different from the condition of clients in other stages?
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
1. The client in stage B is supported by a mechanical circulatory assist device.
2. The client in stage B is undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of heart failure.
3. The client in stage B has a history of a previous myocardial infarction.
4. The client with diabetes mellitus has a family history of cardiomyopathy.
✓ 3. The client in stage B has a history of a previous myocardial infarction.
✓
✓ 1. A client diagnosed with heart failure that is supported by a mechanical
circulatory assist device and a client who is frequently hospitalized for heart
failure is categorized under stage D heart failure.
✓ 2. A client undergoing treatment for prior symptoms of heart failure and fatigue
caused by systolic dysfunction is categorized under stage C heart failure.
✓ 3. A client with a previous myocardial infarction and asymptomatic heart disease
is categorized under stage B heart failure.
✓ 4. A client with diabetes mellitus and a family history of cardiomyopathy is
categorized under stage A heart disease.
✓
✓ pg 395
A client 50 years of age is diagnosed with Class III (moderate) heart failure. How is Class
III heart failure different from other classes of heart failure in the client, according to
the New York Association of Classification of Heart Failure?
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
1. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel comfortable with ordinary
physical activity.
2. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will feel fatigue and palpitations but
only with ordinary activity.
3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms such as fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical activities.
4. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will be unable to carry out physical
activities comfortably.
✓ 3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms such as
fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical
activities.
✓
✓ 1. The client with Class II (mild) heart failure will feel comfortable with ordinary
physical activity.
✓ 2. The client with Class I (mild) heart failure will not experience fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing ordinary physical activity.
✓ 3. The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will experience fatigue,
palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than ordinary physical activities but
may be comfortable at rest.
✓ 4. The client with Class IV (severe) heart failure may not be able to carry out any
physical activities comfortably. The client may have symptoms of cardiac
insufficiency at rest.
✓
✓ pg 395
Top Mark !!!
