Alabama OTPS Correct Questions & Answers (GRADED A)

Alabama OTPS Correct Questions & Answers (GRADED A) What are the modes of entry? - Correct Answer Dermal, oral, respitory, ocular When is the pesticide handler in greatest danger of exposure? - Correct Answer During mixing and loading Name the signal words from least toxic to most toxic. - Correct Answer Caution, warning, danger, danger poison What is the misuse statement? - Correct Answer Prohibits- increasing the rate over maximum application rate as per the label. Prohibits use of pesticide on a site not listed on the label. What are the penalties for violating FIFRA? - Correct Answer Federal crime penalties: commercial applications convicting of violating FIFRA, subject of up to $25K and up to 1 year in prison. Civil- commercial applications up to 5K for each offense. What are 4 reasons to keep pesticide application records? - Correct Answer 1. Law. 2. Helps determine how effective application is on pest. 3. Document for purchase proof and use. 4. Provides assistance in diagnosing complaints and problems. *Note Keep records for 3 years How much is the ADAI penalty for misuse of a restricted-use pesticide? - Correct Answer Restricted 10K. Non-restricted 5K. Without license 5K How much is the ADAI penalty for misuse of a non-restricted-use pesticide? - Correct Answer 5K What are 3 different life cycles of the weed and how long does it take to complete each? - Correct Answer Annual- 1 season. Biannually- 2 seasons. Perennial- 3 or more Which weed reproduces with underground flowers? Perennial broadleaf weed; stems somewhat fleshy and green-white in color; elliptically shaped leaves are oppositely arranged on the stem; 4 pedaled white flowers are borne in the leaf fork or axils; flowers develop into round 'button like' seed capsules - Correct Answer Virginia button weed Identify the 5 classifications of insect mouthparts. - Correct Answer Chewing. Piercing. Rasping. Siphoning. Sponging Examples of chewing insects - Correct Answer Bag worms, cutworms, grasshoppers, beetles, leaf miners, and borers. Examples of piercing-sucking insects - Correct Answer Scales and mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies, and lace bugs. Which insects insert their needle-like mouthparts into the plant and withdraw plant juices. Most feed on the underside of the leaves or stems of plants. In the insects are present on leaving, the topsides of the leaves will have stipples, yellowish areas. Sometime the leaves may curl as a result of this type of feeding, especially in the plant growth. - Correct Answer Piercing-sucking insects. Some of these pests, soft scales, aphids, mealybugs, and whiteflies, excrete large amounts of honeydew, which provides a medium for the growth of a black fungus called sooty mold. - Correct Answer Piercing-sucking insects Which insects are the most damaging pests of ornamental plants? - Correct Answer Scales What are the symptoms of a plant infested with Scales? - Correct Answer Discolored and wilted, or generally appear unhealthy Heavy infestations of scale insects can be reduced by? - Correct Answer Pruning out the most damaged plant parts. What if the easiest stage of scales to control with pesticide? - Correct Answer Crawler stage Soft-bodied, pear-shaped insects, which often possess a pair of horn-like structures known as cornices at eh posterior end of the abdomen. - Correct Answer Aphids What type of mouthparts do aphids belong to? - Correct Answer Piercing What type of mouthparts do whiteflies belong to? - Correct Answer Piercing Damaged leaves on shrubs and trees and have a splotched, yellow appearance. Small, tar-like spots of excrement on the undersides of leaves are usually present when these pests infest plants. - Correct Answer Lace Bugs Most common bacterial blight and canker disease of shrubs and trees? - Correct Answer Fireblight Scalding and scorching of the leaves which develop when soil moisture levels are good for tree growth? - Correct Answer Leaf Scorch Symptom of the bacterial vascular wilt diseases, the Southern Bacterial Wilt - Correct Answer Plants suddenly wilt and die What type of control involves using microorganisms or products of microorganisms to control diseases? - Correct Answer Biological Control The following situations may cause the need for chemical control: - Correct Answer * adapted resistant varieties are not available * a lack of or inadequate crop management practices * crop rotation is not possible or feasible * a crop has high value * a sudden unexpected disease outbreak Two most commonly fungicides used for disease control on ornamentals fall into two groups: - Correct Answer Contact and systemic fungicides How do thrips feed? - Correct Answer Thrips feed by slashing plant tissue with knife-like mouthparts and sucking up plant juice that seeps out. Symptoms of Thrips - Correct Answer Petals of flowers become blotched or speckled with discolored areas from feeding. Buds are distorted and do not open properly. Damaged leaves may have a stipples appearance. Hollow, rounded stems with joints (nodes) that are closed and hard. The leaf blades are much longer than they are wide, have parallel veins, and alternate up each side of the stem - Correct Answer Crabgrass and goosegrass (example of grassy weeds) Brightly colored flowers and net-like veins. The network of small veins are connected to one or primary veins. - Correct Answer Geranium and spurges (examples of broadleafs) Solids triangular stems that have leaves extending from each side of the stem in three directions - Correct Answer Nutsedges (Examples of sedges) Example of mechanical controlling weeds - Correct Answer Removal of weeds by hoeing, mowing, pulling, or mechanical cultivation. (For occasional weeds) Mulching is an example of? - Correct Answer Mechanical Contral Using weed free seed or plant material is an example of ____________________ control? - Correct Answer Cultural Control _________________ control includes selecting ornamental planting areas that are free of weeds or making sure that anticipated weeds are controlled prior to the planting of ornamentals. - Correct Answer Preventive How to store pesticides? - Correct Answer In a locked and posted place. Children and other untrained persons should not be able to get to them. The storage place should keep the pesticides dry, cool, and out of direct sunlight. Store all pesticides in the original containers. Where to not store pesticides. - Correct Answer Near food, feed, seed, or animals. Check for leaks or breaks. Clean up any spills correctly. Keep an up-to-date inventory of the pesticides you have. How to store pesticide containers - Correct Answer Containers should be stored with the label in plain sight. They should be stored up off the floor, especially if they can be injured by dampness. Common reasons for pesticide poisoning - Correct Answer Improper containers stored in such things as soft drink bottles, fruit jars, or milk cartons. Alabama pesticide act of 1971 - Correct Answer The main purpose of the Alabama Pesticide act of 1971 is to regulate the sale, distribution, transportation, and use of all pesticides, with special emphasis on certain highly toxic and persistent pesticides. What is the best control for leaf spot diseases? - Correct Answer Suffer sprays or copper-based fungicides. Define Phytotoxicity - Correct Answer *Plant damage that occurs when chemicals are applied to take care of plants. *Can be caused by fertilizers, herbicides, plant growth regulators, and so forth * Factors that affect phytoxicity include- chemical drift, persistence, variety of plant material, and root uptake of the plant Define IPM and list the components of the process. - Correct Answer Integrated Pest Management *Chemical control is a part of IPM. Does not mean no pesticide *Proper plant management *Weed control and sanitation *Proper plant installment. — Right plant, right place for site selection Define active ingredient - Correct Answer The actual chemical in the product mixture that controls the pest. Inert Ingredient- other materials added with the AI when product is formulated Phytotoxicity- plant damage What does the 80SP mean in a pesticide product name? - Correct Answer 80% active ingredient and solvable power How many spare feet are in an acre? - Correct Answer 43,560 How many feet are in a mile? - Correct Answer 5,280 How many ounces in a gallon? - Correct Answer 128 ounces What are four factors that affect the total amount of pesticide applied to a site? - Correct Answer 1. Spray width of the sprayer 2. The concentration of the pesticide in the spray tank 3. The speed of travel by the applicator or equipment 4. The amount of spray being put out. The most common signs and symptoms from ingesting a herbicide: - Correct Answer Irrigation of the mouth and throat, vomiting, chest and abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Skin and eye exposure ally result in irritation. Inhalation can cause coughing, dizziness, nose and throat irritation, and sometimes nosebleed. Leaf spot - Correct Answer Disease that attacks holly and other shrubs Ground Ivy - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf; forms dense patches in shaded area; creeping square stems that root at nodes and produce opposite leaves; round leaves with scalloped margins; blueish-purple trumpet flowers Hop clover - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf; mat-forming legume with trifoliate (3 section) leaves; numerous small white and yellow flowers in spring Whiteflies - Correct Answer Close relative of scales, feed under leaf surfaces Gall - Correct Answer Disease that attacks azaleas Annual bluegrass - Correct Answer Poa annual; low growing with fine stems and leaves; grows in clumps, whitish-green seed heads; dies in unsightly patches in late spring Florida betony - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf; aka rattlesnake weed; square stem with opposite leaves produced from large, takers, leaves are hairy, shaped and serrated Fall armyworms - Correct Answer Annual pest on crops in SE Mole Crickets - Correct Answer Most destructive insect pest on turf and lawns in AL Wild strawberry - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf; spreading or creeping growth by rhizomes or stolons, heart-shaped serrated leaves; violet or pansy-like flowers Lace bugs - Correct Answer Grubs live in the soil and feed on grass roots; grass turns yellow then brown. Adult is the snout beetle Wild Garlic - Correct Answer Perennial weed with 3 reproduction methods; hollow stem with 2-3 round hollow leaves dev'l from basal bulb; small yellow bulbs or bulblets over bulb below ground; aerial bulblets at end of stems with greenish-pink flowers Dallasgrass - Correct Answer Perennial grass weed; mat-forming grass with stout rhizomes; stems and leaves essentially hairless with leaves up to 10" long; 2 (or 3) seed heads in V-shape Leafminers - Correct Answer Larvae of several kinds of insects, feed inside the leaves creating tunnels causing discoloration Bahia grass - Correct Answer Perennial grass; stems stiff up to 3' tall; stems borne on robust, horizontal, creeping stems, flowers and fruits in open panicles at maturity Thrips - Correct Answer Winged or wingless; tail pipers or bumps on reared, reproduce rapidly; wash off with water or soaps/oils Anthracnose - Correct Answer Disease that attacks dogwoods and maples Billbugs - Correct Answer Azaleas and other shrubs; feed on underside of leaves; look for black grainy speck of excrement Pennywort - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf with think orange taproot; rosette of long, narrow lobed/serrated leaves; no stems; yellow flowers at end of hollow stalk; flowers mature into white puffballs of seeds Gripeweed - Correct Answer Summer annual broadleaf weed; phyllanthus species; often referred to as "little mimosa"; each capsule contains 6 seeds Annual lespedeza - Correct Answer Summer annual broadleaf weed; Japanese clover; prostrate, spreading growth habit with strong taproot; plants are tough, wiry, dark green resembling clover; leaves consist of 3 leaflets with distinct what parallel veins; very small pinkish-purple flowers at each node Bittercress - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf weed; upright square sterns with opposite leaves; basal rosette of small segmented leaves; sharp pointed oppressed capsules on stems; distinctive seed dispersal Henbit - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf; Upright square sterns with opposite leaves; pinkish-purple trumpet-shaped flower in clusters at the end of stems; early spring blooming weed Prostate spurge - Correct Answer Summer annual broad leaf weed; prostrate, spreading weed common in waste places; late germinating weed; leaves and sterns purple to green in color (sometimes spotted); plants have white milky (latex) sap; tiny, inconspicuous, pinkish-white flowers are produced and many seeds Goosegrass - Correct Answer Summer annual grass; silver crabgrass; thrives in compacted soil area;; germination may be 4 to 6 weeks later than crabgrass; lower sterns strongly flattened and crown in silver-white; at maturity, 4 or 5 flattened finger-like seed heads produced at end of sterns Large Crabgrass - Correct Answer Summer annual; germination-late March to early April; fibrous root system and roots at lower nodes; lower sterns flattened, pale green, with hairy sheaths that form unsightly patches Chickweed - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf weed which roots at nodes; creeping habit of numerous branched stems forms dense patches; leaves are opposite, oval shaped, and bright shiny green; white flowers are 5 pedaled (deeply notched); appearing as 10 petals Carolina geranium - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf weed; simple leaves are deeply divided or segmented; stems erect and much branched; basal cluster of leaves with reddish-green hairy stems; bears cluster of white to pale purple flowers at end of stems Spur weed - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf weed; frequently referred to as sand spur; prostate growth with finely dissected leaves; leaves and stems covered with fine hairs; fruits with spines produced from inconspicuous green flowers; weed is not evident for most of growing period (spreads rapidly); plants grow in tufts and produce small 5 pedaled yellow flowers Hop Clover - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf weed; mat-forming legume with trifoliate leaves; numerous small white and yellow flowers produced in spring Black Medic - Correct Answer Winter annual broadleaf weed; dark blue-green;prostrate; spreading weed with square stems; league with 3 wedge shaped leaflets with spur or tooth at tip; at maturity, bright yellow flowers are compressed into cluster; each flower develops into a tightly coiled black seedpod Cudweed - Correct Answer Biennial broadleaf weed; basal rosette of leaves with grayish-white appearance; leaves are long, narrow, and blunt tipped; during second year, branched flowering stems produced with small narrow leaves; flowers are tan to white in color and appear at the base of the upper leaves False Dandelion - Correct Answer Biennial broadleaf weed; basal rosette of round lobed, dissected leaves; during second year, branched leafy stem produced with several yellow flowers; mature seed head strongly resembles dandelion Yellow Nutsedge - Correct Answer Perennial sedge; slender, triangular, pale green stems up to 24 inch. Tall; most leaves basal except for yellow seed head; leaves have sharp pointed "hypodermic" tip; plants reproduce by seeds, rhizomes, and tubers (nuts) Purple Nutsedge - Correct Answer Perennial sedge; smaller stems than yellow Nutsedge and leaved have dull, blunt, or boat-shaped leaf tips Dandelion - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf weed with thick, fleshy orange taproot; produces rosette of long, narrow variably lobed or serrated leaves; plants have no stems and yellow flowers borne at end of long, bare, and hollow stalk; flowers mature into round, white puffballs full of seeds Buckhorn Plantain - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf weed with taproot and strong lateral roots; basal rosette of long, narrow pointed leaves that often twist or curl are produced; leaf veins are ribbed or prominent on the lower surface; at maturity, leafless, hairy, and erect stems are produced with dense, compacted, and tapered seed heads Dichondra - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf weed that spreads by slender, creeping stems that root at the nodes; kidney shaped leaves grow opposite each other along the horizontal stems; small, green and inconspicuous flowers produced along the stem; thrives in moist soils but cannot tolerate freezing temperatures Wild violets - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf weed; plant has spreading or creeping growth habit by rhizomes or stolons; leaves are hear-shaped, serrate and frequently born directly from rhizome; violet or pansy like flowers of many different colors or shaded produced Common Greenbriar - Correct Answer Perennial broadleaf weed; woody vine with occasional thorns; woody convoluted rootstock that must be removed manually or mechanically; leaves thick, dark green, and oval to heart or shield shaped; prominent ribbed veins on lower surface of leaves; male and female plants that produce small flowers and occasionally produce black berries How many ounces in a pint? - Correct Answer 16 oz How many pints in a gallon? - Correct Answer 8 pints How many pints in a quart? - Correct Answer 2 pints How many quarts in a gallon - Correct Answer 4 quarts