NURS 525 Exam 2 Guide With
Complete Solution
Ethics, Bioethics - ANSWER _______________ branch of philosophy differing right
from wrong. ________ ethical concepts within the scope of
nursing/medicine/allied health.
Absolute Right, Legal Right - ANSWER when there is no restriction
whatsoever on the individual's entitlement vs. right on which society has
agreed and formalized into law
Values, Values Clarification - ANSWER __________ are *PERSONAL* beliefs and
__________ __________ is a process of self-exploration by which people identify
and rank their own personal values
Moral Behavior - ANSWER CONDUCT that results from critical thinking about
how individuals ought to treat others
Autonomy - ANSWER Emphasizes status of persons as moral agents who's
right to determine their own care/destiny should ALWAYS be respected.
Beneficence - ANSWER One's duty to *benefit or promote* the good of
others
Nonmaleficence - ANSWER *Abstaining from negative acts* towards others
(including acting with care to avoid harm).
Justice - ANSWER Duty to *treat all individuals equally and fairly*;
hypothetical social contract
Veracity - ANSWER Duty to *always be truthful*
,IOM Report: Unequal Treatment 2023 - ANSWER *FIRST* comprehensive and
systemic proof of health disparities and unequal healthcare provided to
*minorities*.
--Doctors are less aggressive, provide inferior care to AAs
Focused on general health not mental health BUT overall compelling
evidence of health disparities in the US
Social Justice - ANSWER According the APHA ____ ______ is one component
required to achieve *Health Equality*.
Crownsville Hospital - ANSWER "Madness: Race and Insanity in a Jim Crow
Asylum" by Antonia Hylton
-Opened 1911 and closed 2004
-Hospital for Negro Insane of MD, built by patients, worked in
fields/kitchen/morgues
-Segregated farming colony until late 1950s, desegregated in 1963
John Brown - ANSWER Slave (1810-1876), author of "Slave Life in Georgia: A
Narrative of the Life, Sufferings, and Escape of John Brown, a Fugitive Slave,
Now in England."
--given to Dr. Thomas Hamilton of GA, who administered cruel
experimentation on him as part of a "scientific" attempt to prove that black
skin was thicker, and that they had a higher tolerance to heat.
Implicit Bias - ANSWER *PERVASIVE* and *MALLEABLE* (can be gradually
unlearned), possessed by everyone (even moral judges, etc.). Refer to
attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions
,in an UNCONSCIOUS manner. (related to BUT distinct mental construct from
explicit biases). These tend to *favor our own in group*
--May *CONTRADICT* our DECLARED beliefs
--Non-dominant groups internalize negative biases
Schizophrenia - ANSWER In the 1960s this disorder when from a disease that
was a harmless neurosis of the "white man" to a disease afflicting primarily
the "Negro Man" d/t *s/s of RAGE and AGGRESSION*.-- conflated with civil
rights protests at the time.
-Diagnosed in AA males 4x as often as whites
-"only factor that was truly important was race"
Mental Health Disparities Today - ANSWER Regardless of disorder, AA are
more likely to:
-Treat as inpatients
-Involuntarily admit
-Placed in seclusion or restraints
- High dose of antipsychotics
(****Not due to greater disease severity)
-Use ED services, resulting in crisis- oriented help
-Receive a FGA than a SGA, more at risk for TD
-Be dx with schizophrenia and SUD
-Experience longer delays in seeking care
, -Be admitted for behavioral disturbances
--> White more likely to be admitted for cognitive or affective disturbances
-->Whites with MDD are more likely than AA to receive antidepressant
medications
-AA are more likely to receive ECT
(Cannot be explained by SES or demographic differences)
Schizophrenia, Affective - ANSWER African Americans are more likely to be
diagnosed with ______ and less likely to be diagnosed with an _______ disorder
(OR mood/stress-related disorder). Despite NO DIFFERENCE in prevalence in
primary psychotic disorders in epidemiological studies.
--BASED ON: biased interviews, cultural suspicion misinterpreted as
*overevaluation of psychotic symptoms*, under diagnosis of mood disorders
Ethnopsychopharmacology - ANSWER Cautionary tale, belief that AA require
more medication d/t increased stereotypical hostility and aggression
In reality--> ~50% people of African descent have reduced functionality of
CYP2D6 alleles (covers approx. 25% psychotropic agents)
-->lead to increased side effects, EPS, and lower treatment adherence
•Pre-existing reduced leukocyte counts, benign leukopenia
Access to Mental Healthcare - ANSWER *MEDICAIDE* (largest payer for
mental health services in the US). State Medicaid expansions are optional.
****People with mental illness are LESS LIKELY to have insurance
-Public insurance > benefits than private insurance for those with mental
Complete Solution
Ethics, Bioethics - ANSWER _______________ branch of philosophy differing right
from wrong. ________ ethical concepts within the scope of
nursing/medicine/allied health.
Absolute Right, Legal Right - ANSWER when there is no restriction
whatsoever on the individual's entitlement vs. right on which society has
agreed and formalized into law
Values, Values Clarification - ANSWER __________ are *PERSONAL* beliefs and
__________ __________ is a process of self-exploration by which people identify
and rank their own personal values
Moral Behavior - ANSWER CONDUCT that results from critical thinking about
how individuals ought to treat others
Autonomy - ANSWER Emphasizes status of persons as moral agents who's
right to determine their own care/destiny should ALWAYS be respected.
Beneficence - ANSWER One's duty to *benefit or promote* the good of
others
Nonmaleficence - ANSWER *Abstaining from negative acts* towards others
(including acting with care to avoid harm).
Justice - ANSWER Duty to *treat all individuals equally and fairly*;
hypothetical social contract
Veracity - ANSWER Duty to *always be truthful*
,IOM Report: Unequal Treatment 2023 - ANSWER *FIRST* comprehensive and
systemic proof of health disparities and unequal healthcare provided to
*minorities*.
--Doctors are less aggressive, provide inferior care to AAs
Focused on general health not mental health BUT overall compelling
evidence of health disparities in the US
Social Justice - ANSWER According the APHA ____ ______ is one component
required to achieve *Health Equality*.
Crownsville Hospital - ANSWER "Madness: Race and Insanity in a Jim Crow
Asylum" by Antonia Hylton
-Opened 1911 and closed 2004
-Hospital for Negro Insane of MD, built by patients, worked in
fields/kitchen/morgues
-Segregated farming colony until late 1950s, desegregated in 1963
John Brown - ANSWER Slave (1810-1876), author of "Slave Life in Georgia: A
Narrative of the Life, Sufferings, and Escape of John Brown, a Fugitive Slave,
Now in England."
--given to Dr. Thomas Hamilton of GA, who administered cruel
experimentation on him as part of a "scientific" attempt to prove that black
skin was thicker, and that they had a higher tolerance to heat.
Implicit Bias - ANSWER *PERVASIVE* and *MALLEABLE* (can be gradually
unlearned), possessed by everyone (even moral judges, etc.). Refer to
attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions
,in an UNCONSCIOUS manner. (related to BUT distinct mental construct from
explicit biases). These tend to *favor our own in group*
--May *CONTRADICT* our DECLARED beliefs
--Non-dominant groups internalize negative biases
Schizophrenia - ANSWER In the 1960s this disorder when from a disease that
was a harmless neurosis of the "white man" to a disease afflicting primarily
the "Negro Man" d/t *s/s of RAGE and AGGRESSION*.-- conflated with civil
rights protests at the time.
-Diagnosed in AA males 4x as often as whites
-"only factor that was truly important was race"
Mental Health Disparities Today - ANSWER Regardless of disorder, AA are
more likely to:
-Treat as inpatients
-Involuntarily admit
-Placed in seclusion or restraints
- High dose of antipsychotics
(****Not due to greater disease severity)
-Use ED services, resulting in crisis- oriented help
-Receive a FGA than a SGA, more at risk for TD
-Be dx with schizophrenia and SUD
-Experience longer delays in seeking care
, -Be admitted for behavioral disturbances
--> White more likely to be admitted for cognitive or affective disturbances
-->Whites with MDD are more likely than AA to receive antidepressant
medications
-AA are more likely to receive ECT
(Cannot be explained by SES or demographic differences)
Schizophrenia, Affective - ANSWER African Americans are more likely to be
diagnosed with ______ and less likely to be diagnosed with an _______ disorder
(OR mood/stress-related disorder). Despite NO DIFFERENCE in prevalence in
primary psychotic disorders in epidemiological studies.
--BASED ON: biased interviews, cultural suspicion misinterpreted as
*overevaluation of psychotic symptoms*, under diagnosis of mood disorders
Ethnopsychopharmacology - ANSWER Cautionary tale, belief that AA require
more medication d/t increased stereotypical hostility and aggression
In reality--> ~50% people of African descent have reduced functionality of
CYP2D6 alleles (covers approx. 25% psychotropic agents)
-->lead to increased side effects, EPS, and lower treatment adherence
•Pre-existing reduced leukocyte counts, benign leukopenia
Access to Mental Healthcare - ANSWER *MEDICAIDE* (largest payer for
mental health services in the US). State Medicaid expansions are optional.
****People with mental illness are LESS LIKELY to have insurance
-Public insurance > benefits than private insurance for those with mental
